书籍是全世界的营养品。生活里没有书籍，就好像没有阳光;智慧里没有书籍，就好像鸟儿没有翅膀。
1. in spite of+n.=despite(prep.)+n. 尽管
regardless of+n.不顾/不考虑
in spite of the fact that… 尽管…事实
2. alcohol/drug abuse酗酒/吸毒
child abuse虐待儿童
abuse one’s power滥用权力
abuse one’s trust/confidence背信弃义
3.lay/put/place stress on强调，着重于
under stress在压力之下
under the stress of在…压力之下
stressed adj.焦虑不安的
stressful adj 有压力/紧张的
4. ban…from sth./doing sth.禁止做某事
a ban on 关于…的禁令
forbid sb. to do /doing sth. = prohibit sb. from sth./doing sth. 禁止做某事
5. due to由于，因为
be due to do sth.预期做某事，预定做某事
6. addicted to对…有瘾
be/become addicted tosth./doing sth.沉溺于，专心于
addict oneself to sth.沉溺于 a work addict工作狂
7. be accustomed to习惯于(状态)
get/becomeaccustomed to doing习惯于(动作)
be used to doing习惯于(状态)
get used to doing习惯于(动作)
accustom oneself/sb./sth .to使…习惯于(适应)
8.have an effect on对…有影响
put sth.into effect实施，实行，使生效
come/go into effect开始生效；开始实施
take effect生效；实施
in effect实际上
9. would like to do sth想要做某事 = feel likedoing sth
10.be desperate for极想要某物
be desperate to do sth极想做某事
in desperate need of迫切需要
desperation拼命，不顾死活；绝望
in desperation在绝望中
desperately绝望地；拼命地；非常地
11.be disappointed at sth对某事失望
to one’sdisappointment令人失望的是
disappoint使失望disappointing令人失望的，扫兴的
disappointment失望，灰心
12. It’s time (for sb.)to do sth.(某人)该做某事了
It’s(high/about)timethat…早该做某事了(从句用虚拟语气：过去式或
should+V)
It/This /That is/was thefirst/second/…time that…这/那是某人第一/二…次做某
事
(当主语用is时，从句用现在完成时；当主语用was时，从句用过去完成时)
This was the first time that I had seenthis movie.
13.take risks/a risk 冒险
at risk(of…)处于……危险之中，冒……风险
at all risks(=at any risk)无论冒什么风险
run risks/a risk冒险
run the risk of doing sth冒险做某事，冒做某事的危险/风险
risk doing sth.冒险做…
risk one’s life to do sth冒着生命危险做某事
into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
get across(使)通过，(使)被理解，(把……)讲清楚
get along进展，相处
get away逃脱，离开
get down to开始认真做…
get together相聚；
get over爬过；越过；克服困难，痊愈
get through穿越(马路);通过；接通电话
15.as+adj+a/an+单数名词+as
She is as good a teacher as my sister.
as+ much/many+ n +as
I can carry as much luggage as youcan.
16. quit doing sth 停止干某事
due to由于 a
ddicted to对…有瘾 decide on 对…作出决定
overand over again 再三的，反复的
be/get/become accustomedto 习惯于
do/causedamage to伤害
feel like doing 想要(做)
in spite of不管，不顾
take risks(a risk)冒险
get into陷入，染上坏习惯
at risks 处境危险
out of breath上气不接下气
make up one’s mind下定决心
be/feel ashamed of因…而羞愧
17. 句型
owe it to sb that …. 把…归功于…
leave it to sb that….把…留给某人去
take it for granted that….认为… 理所当然
keep it in mind that …. 把…记在心里
make it a rule that…. 习惯于….
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1.convey vt. 传达；运送
I can't convey my feelings in words.
我无法用言语来表达我的情感。
[快速闪记]
(1) 同义词：carry，convey，transfer，transmit，transport
(2) convey to将……运往〔送往〕(某地);把……传达给(某人)
convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb/sth from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
convey one's feelings/meanings 表达某人的感情/意思
2.concrete adj. 具体的 n. 水泥；混凝土
As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.
我们要离开的时候，发现就在几分钟前，一位老妇人在入口处跌倒了且其头部撞在了水泥地上。
3.flexible adj. 灵活的；易弯曲的；柔韧的
Good job candidates must show a flexible approach to problems.
优秀的求职人员必须表明自己能以灵活的方法解决问题。
4.tease v.取笑；招惹；戏弄
Don't take what he said seriously;he was only teasing.别拿他的话当真，他不过是开玩笑。
5.eventually adv. 终于；最后
eventual adj. 最后的；最终的
At the moment the building is empty，but eventually there will be a five-star hotel.
目前这座建筑物是空的，但这儿最终将
6.sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；懊悔
He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died.
妻子去世后，他悲痛万分，继而上吊自缢。
7.bare adj. ①赤裸的；光秃秃的 ②微小的；仅有的；勉强的
Barely had he arrived when she started complaining.
他刚到这儿，她就开始抱怨起来。
[快速闪记]
barely adv. 贫乏地；不足地；仅仅；勉强；几乎没有
bareness n.裸露；赤裸
8.appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的
What you said on the occasion was not appropriate.
在这种场合你说这样的话是不相宜的。
9.exchange ①vt.更换；交换；互换 ②n.更换；交流；兑换；交易所
Will they exchange clothes that don't fit?
要是衣服穿着不合身，他们同意调换吗？
[快速闪记]
exchange...for 以……换……
exchange...with 和……交换……
in exchange (for) 作为(对……的)交换
10.sponsor n.[C] ①赞助者；资助者②发起者；主办者 ③保(证)人 vt. 资助；赞助
The English Corner was sponsored by our English teacher.
英语角是由我们的英语老师发起的。
If I'm going to go and live in the US，I must get an American sponsor.
如果我去美国并在那里居住，必须有美国人作担保。
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1.take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
2.run out of 用完
3.be made up of 由……组成
4.in particular 尤其；特别
5.try out 测试；实验
6.let out 发出；放走
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1.There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。
2.Some rhyme while others do not.
有的押韵，而有的不押韵。
3.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
有这么多不同类型的诗歌供选择，学生们最后可能想自己写诗了。
1. equipment装备；设备 【U】
equip v. 装备
equip sb./sth. with 用…装备
2. appoint sb as/ to be 任命某人为…
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
make / have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
3. suit n. 套装 v. 适合，适宜
suitable. adj 适合的
besuitable for sb/ sth 适合于某人，某物
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
4. anxious adj. 忧虑的，渴望的
anxiety n. 担心；焦虑
be anxious about 为…担心
be anxious to do sth 急于做某事
be anxious that 希望…. ( that从句 用should + V )
5. panic 惊慌
panic sb into doing sth 使某人仓促行事
be panicked by 被….吓到
6. vary from …to.. = varybetween… and … 由。到。不等
vary in sth 在…方面有差异
vary with sth 随…..变化
a varietyof = varieties of 各种各样的 = various adj.
7. appreciate v. 欣赏；鉴赏
appreciate doing sth 欣赏干某事
I would appreciate it if ….如果….将不胜感激
appreciation n.
have an appreciation of 对…有欣赏力
express one’s appreciation/gratitudefor 因….表示感激
8.when 的用法
a. be doing ….when 正在做….这时
b. be about to do ….when 正要做…这时….
c. be on the point of doing….when.. 刚要做….这时….
d. had just done…when… 刚做完….这时….
9.短语
share sth with sb 与某人分享某物
compare with 和…比较inthe distance 在远处
be appointed as 被任命为…
protect…from…保护…免受。
burn to the ground 全部焚毁
make one’s way 前往
be enthusiastic about… 对….充满热情
draw up 起草
glance through 匆匆看一遍
take….by surprise 出乎某人的意料
give birth to 生产；
vary from…to… 由。到。不等
be home to … 栖息地
be rewarded with 奖赏
have a gift for 有….天赋
under guarantee 在保修期内
be conscious/ aware of 意识到
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1.faith n.信任；信心；信念；信仰
Faith can move mountains. 精诚所至，金石为开。
[快速闪记]
(1) 同义词：faith，belief，confidence，trust
(2) lose faith in 对……失去信心
put one's faith in 绝对相信
break/keep faith with sb 对某人不守信用(守信用);对某人不忠实(忠实)
in good faith 真诚地；诚意地
(3)faithful adj.忠 实的；忠诚的；尽职的；可靠的
faithfully adv. 忠实地；如实地；诚心诚意地；深信着地
2.typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
Could you please show a typical example? 你能举出一个典型的例子来吗？
3.attempt vt. 企图；试图；尝试 n.[C] & [U] 尝试；努力
They are attempting the steepest part of the mountain. 他们努力攀登这座山的最陡的部分。
[快速闪记]
(1)attempt to do/doing... 试图做……
attempt at sth 试图做某事
(2)make an attempt to do/at (doing) sth 试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事
at one's first attempt 某人第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的；未成功的
4.predict vt. 预言；预告；预料；预计
Middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. 中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。
[快速闪记]
It is predicted that... 据预计……
5.specific adj. 确切的；特定的；明确的；具体的
We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. 除特定区域外，我们禁止吸烟。
This report offered the most specific and accurate description of the problems. 该报告对问题进行了最具体、最准确的描述。
specifically adv. ①特别地；专门 ②具体地；明确地
6.figure n.①数字 ②外形 ③人物；名人 vt. ①认为；估计 ②计算
He settled down at his desk to work out the exact figures. 他在办公桌前坐下来计算出确切的数字。
[快速闪记]
figure up a total 算出总数
figure out 计算出；想出；理解
figure on 指望；打算
figure that... 认为……
figure in 把……列入计算/考虑范围
7.appeal vi. ①(常与to连用)呼吁；恳求 ②(常与to连用)吸引；引起兴趣 ③(常与to连用)上诉；诉诸于 ④求助于
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁大家节约用水。
[快速闪记]
(1)appeal to sb to do/for... 呼吁某人(做)……
appeal to sb 吸引某人
appeal for aid 求助
appeal against 因不服……而上诉
appeal to arms 诉诸武力
(2)appealing adj. 吸引人的
8.reputation n.名声；名誉
9.civilization n.文明；文化；文明社会
n.委员会
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1.by coincidence 巧合地
2.a great deal 大量
3.on the other hand 另一方面
4.in the flesh 活着的；本人
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1.It was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century.很显然在13世纪思想正经历着变化。
2.Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.
许多艺术爱好者宁愿参观这个小艺术馆而不参观纽约其他的艺术馆。
3.On the one hand some of them were discovered. On the other hand some famous art critics wonder if there are many other “masterpieces” hanging on gallery walls.
一方面它们中的一些被发现。另一方面一些著名的艺术评论家想知道是否有许多其他的“杰作”挂在美术馆墙上。
Unit5 The power of nature
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1.appoint vt.①任命；委派②指定；约定
Committee members recently appointed me their chairman.
委员会最近任命我为主席。
[快速闪记]
(1)appoint sb as/to be...任命某人担任……
appoint sb to +职位 任命某人担任……职位
appoint sb to do...指定某人做……
(2)appointment n.[C]约会；约定；预约；[C] & [U]任命；任职；职位
by appointment通过预约
make an appointment(with)(与……)约定
appointed adj.指定的；约定的；受指派的
2.evaluate vt.评估；评价；对……评价；鉴定
We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
我们需要对这一政策产生的效果做出评估。
3.wave n.波浪；波涛 vt.波动；挥手
She waved a friendly greeting.
她友好地挥手致意。
4.absolute adj.完全的；肯定的；确实的；无条件的
It was nearly an absolute agreement.
这差不多是一个完美的协议。
absolutely/'?bs?lu?tlI/adv.①绝对地；完全地②无条件地
It is absolutely the best building in town.
这无疑是城里最好的建筑物。
5.suit n.[C](一套)衣服；套 vt.(服装、颜色等)相配；合身；中……的意；合乎……的要求
To students，you'd better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.
对学生来说，你最好选择那些感兴趣适合自己的活动。
[快速闪记]
(1)suit sb (fine)合某人的意；对某人很合适
suit...to使……适合
suit oneself随自己的意愿行事
(2)suitable adj.合适的，适合的
be suitable for...适合……
be suitable to do sth 适合干某事
6.potential adj.可能的；潜在的 n.[U]潜能；潜力；潜在性
I must say that I have the potential to work as an instructor.
我必须说我有当教练的潜能。
7.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
8.shoot(shot，shot) vt.发射；放射；射中；射死 n.[C]发芽；抽芽；嫩枝
He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles.
他宁愿一枪打死自己也不愿违背自己的原则。
[快速闪记]
(1)shoot sb/sth 击中某人/某物
shoot at向……射击
(2)shooting n.[C]射杀；枪杀
shot n.[C]①发射；射击；射手②注射③拍摄；照相；一段影片
9.anxious adj.①忧患的；担心的②渴望的
He is anxious about her safety.
他对她的安全感到焦虑。
[快速闪记]
be anxious for/about担心……
be anxious for sth/to do...渴望(做)……
be anxious +从句(从句中常用虚拟语气)
anxiety n.[U]挂念；焦虑；[C]令人着急的事；[U]急于(想做某事);热望
with anxiety焦急地
10.panic n.[C] &[U]恐慌；惊慌 vt.& vi.(panicked，panicked)(使)恐慌
I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.
我很自豪我的家人在恐慌本可能导致一个不同结果的时候保持清醒的头脑。
[快速闪记]
(1)panic over sth 对某事感到惊慌失措
panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get into a panic陷入恐慌
in (a) panic恐慌
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1.burn to the ground全部焚毁
2.make one's way 前往
3.vary from...to...由……到……不等
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1.Yet，however weak we are，we are not completely powerless.
但是无论我们多么弱，我们都不是一点力量都没有。
2.It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
3.I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
1.convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地
2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来
take sth seriously 认真对待某事
take sth forgranted 认为… 理所应当
3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义
run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等
We are running out of the money. = The moneyis running out. (钱快要用完
了)
4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of 由……组成
5.tease sb about…..拿……取笑某人
与tease 同义的短语有：
laugh at/make fun of/play jokes on/play tricks on…
6.be particular about sth 对某事挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别
7.trans formA into B 使A变成B
8.be appropriate to/for对…….是适当的
It’s appropriate that….是恰当的 (从句常用“should+V 虚拟语气)
9.It’s possible/probable to do 有可能。
Sb/ sth/ it is likely that... 可能
be likely to do sth..
make sense 讲得通，有意义
stay up 熬夜
take it easy轻松，不紧张
run out of 用完
be made up of由……组成
be popular with 受……欢迎
in particular尤其，特别
have fun 玩得高兴
by chance偶然的，碰巧
hold on别挂断，坚持，保持
at the bottom of 在……底部
try out测试，试验
let out 发出，放走
escape from逃离
go over 克服
break away from脱离
get rid of消除
keep sb in the dark 把某人蒙在鼓里
try on试穿
let alone 更不用说
take a load off one’s mind打消某人的顾虑
trans formA into B 使A变成B
in exchange for….作为对…交换
10.while的用法
A. 当…. ; 在…期间….
He fell asleep while doing his homework.
B. 虽然；尽管
While I like the color of thecoat, I don’t like its shape.
C.只要
While there is life, there is hope.
D.对比，转折，而
She is very tall while her sisteris short.
1.quantity n. 量；数量 quality 质量
a large quantity of... 许多；大量(可数；不可数)
quantities of... 许多；大量
a quantity of + n: 谓语动词用单数
quantities of + n: 谓语动词用复数
2.tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾
tendency=trend n.倾向；趋势
tend to dosth. 倾向于做某事
3.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
opposed adj.相反的；对立的
oppose doing sth. .反对做某事
be opposed to doing...反对……
4.state vt.陈述；说明 n.状况；政府；国家；州
in a...state处于……状态中
in a bad/good state处于良好(差)状况中
state+n./that从句 阐明……
5.range n. 种类，范围，幅度，界限
v. (在一定范围内)变动，变化；排列
a range of 一系列… in/within range在…范围内
beyond/out of range在……范围外
range from ...to / between …and... 在……范围内变动，从……到……不等
6.glance vi. 一瞥，扫视
glance at 向……看
at first glance 乍一看
glance at: 扫视
stare at: 盯着看
gazeat : 凝视
glareat: 怒视
7.average n. on(the/an) average 按平均数计算
above/below (the) average 在平均数以上/下
8.come about 发生；造成；
come across 偶遇；碰到
come along 进展；
come out 公开；出版；
come to 涉及；共计；达到
come up with 提出
come up 上来；被提出；发芽
9.result in 导致
result from... 由……而引起
as a result 结果
as a result of... 由于。的原因
10.put up with 忍受；容忍= stand = bear = tolerate
put aside节省，储蓄，储存
put down写下，记下
put forward提出建议，把……向前拨
put off延期，推迟
put on穿上，戴上，演出
put out熄灭，扑灭
put through接通电话
11.subscribe同意，捐赠，订阅
subscribe to sth 同意；订阅；向……捐款
subscribe……to… 在…上签署；向……捐
结果；后果；
as a consequence结果是
as a consequence of 由于……的缘故
13.advocate 拥护；提倡；主张
advocate (doing)sth 提倡(做)某事
advocate +that从句 提倡……(虚拟语气)
14.circumstance(多用复数)环境；情况
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首，句子倒装)
15. 重点短语
come about 发生；造成
subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
quantities of 大量的
go up 上升；增长；升起
result in 导致
be opposed to 反对……
put up with 忍受；
even if 即使
keep on 继续
on the whole 大体上；基本上
on behalf of 代表……
so long as 只要
and so on 等等
phenomenon n.现象→phenomena复数
16.句型 there is no doubtthat…. 毫不怀疑
There is some doubt whether…. 有怀疑是否…
Your contribution counts:有价值/有重要性
finally and most importantly最后最重要的是
I would appreciate it if ….如果….将不胜感激
Here are a few suggestionson how to quit smoking. 关于戒烟的建议。
Together, individuals canmake a difference. 众人拾柴火焰高。
1. achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标
without one’s aim 漫无目标的
withthe aim of 意在…，
establish reputation 建立名誉
a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声
live up toone’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名…
14.动词不定式作后置定语：
1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后。
He is the first to come here.
2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后。
The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan.
than + 数词 表示“多于，超过”
I have taught English morethan 15 years.
more than + 名词 表示“不仅仅”
The museum displays more than the visual delights of art.
more than + 动词/形容词/副词 表示“非常”
I’m more than pleasedto help you .
more than +句子表示“超过…的能力范围”
The beauty is more than I candescribe.
16.句型 what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= Asis
known to us all, …
17.短语：It was evident that…很显然…
It is predicted that …据预测…
concentrate..on集中，全神贯注于
in perspective 用透视画法
by coincidence 巧合地
break away from 挣脱，脱离
scores of 许多
in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人
every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年
be allergic to 对…过敏
bewell worth a visit 很值得参观
to be specific 具体地说
be specific to 特有的；独特的
attitudeto/towards 对…的态度
convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信…
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1.abuse n.& vt. 滥用；虐待
This rule was brought into being because the old law was abused.
由于旧的法律遭到滥用，这条规则便应运而生。
2.stress n.① 压力；紧张② 重音 vt. 强调；着重
The more stress you are under，the more likely you are to catch a cold. 压力越大，越有可能患感冒。
In the passage，the author mainly stressed the importance of small and ordinary work.在这篇文章里，作者强调了小而平凡的工作。
[快速闪记]
stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
reduce stress 减少压力
under the stress of 在……的压力下
place/lay/put stress on 重视，强调
同义词：stress，tension，pressure
3.ban ①vt. 取缔；查禁；禁止 ②n.[C] (常用单数)禁止；禁令
The government has banned the sale of that produce which is harmful to the public. 政府禁止出售对大众有害的那种产品。
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ban doing sth 禁止做某事
ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
a ban on 关于……的禁令
4.due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的 n.应得物；会费
He is due to speak this evening. 今晚该他讲演。
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due to 欠债〔账〕;归功于，应属于；由于
be due to do sth 预期做某事，预定要做某事
be due to sth/doing sth/sb 归因于某事/做某事；欠某人……
be due for sth 应有；应得到
5.mental adj. 精神的；智力的
mentally adv. 精神上；智力上
6.quit vt. 停止(做某事);离开
There are no failures in life，only those who quit before success.生活中没有失败者，只有那些在成功前就放弃的人。
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quit doing... 停止做……
quit office/one's job 离职
7.effect n.[C]& [U] 结果；作用；影响 v.实现，进行
Many teachers worry about the effects of television on young people. 许多教师担心电视对年轻人的影响。
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(1) 同义词：effect，influence，cause，realize，affect
(2) have(an) effect on/upon对……产生影响；对……起作用
take effect 生效；奏效
come into effect 生效
bring/carry/put...into effect 实行；实施；使生效/起作用
in effect 事实上
(3)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
8.strengthen vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强 vi. 变强
Difficulties strengthen the mind，as labor does the body. 困难磨练意志，劳动增强体魄。
9.disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
I was disappointed whenever the teacher found fault with my work. 每当老师挑剔我干的活儿时，我都非常沮丧。
[快速闪记]
disappoint v.使失望；使破灭
disappointment n.失望，扫兴；令人失望的行为(人)
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
10.ashamed adj. (表语形容词，可接不定式或从句)惭愧的；害臊的；羞耻的 shame n.羞愧；可耻的事
[快速闪记]
(1) be ashamed of 为……而羞愧
be ashamed of oneself for doing... 某人做了某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do... 因羞愧而不愿做某事或不好意思做某事
(2) shameful adj. 可耻的 (表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的”，可作定语或表语)
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1.be addicted to 对……有瘾
2.(be)accustomed to 习惯于……
3.decide on 对……作出决定
4.feel like doing 想要做……
5.in spite of 不顾；不管
6.take risks (a risk) 冒险
at risk 处于危险；遭受危险
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1.You started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
一段时间前，你开始抽烟，现在你发现很难戒掉。
2.When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit smoking.
当我因为身体不健康而被校足球队除名的时候，我知道我该戒烟了。
3.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I live.
我真的希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样过上健康而长寿的生活。
Ⅰ. 常考单词必背
1.consume vt. 消耗，消费；挥霍 vi. 耗尽，毁灭
Consumer goods production was to go up by six percent in that city. 在那个城市，消费品生产将增长百分之六。
2.random n. 偶然/随便的行动 adj. 任意的；随便的；任意的 adv.胡乱地
[快速闪记]
at random 随便地
Because these natural disasters occur at random times，it is difficult to warn people in advance. 自然灾害的发生具有随机性，所以很难事先警告人们。
3.subscribe vt.&vi.(常与to连用) ① 捐(款);捐助 ② 订购(报纸等) ③ 同意；赞同
I subscribe to a few favourite charities. 我定期向几个中意的慈善机构捐款。
I've personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other. 我个人从来都不同意性别有优劣之分的观点。
4.quantity n. 量；数量
The change of quantity causes the change of quality. 量变引起质变。
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a large quantity of/large quantities of 大量
in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
5.trend n. 趋势；倾向
But recently，we have seen a gradual trend towards healthier food. 但是近来，我们注意到人们逐渐倾向于更加健康的食品。
6.oppose vt. 反对；反抗；抵抗
All the members present opposed the plan bitterly. 所有与会成员都坚决反对这个计划。
His parents are opposed to the marriage. 他父母反对这桩婚事。
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be opposed to sth 反对某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
7.state n.[C]①(常用单数)状态；情况；情形 ②国家；领土；州 vt.陈述；说明
Our teacher is in a state of poor health. 我们老师的健康状况不佳。
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(1) in a state of... 处于……状态
in a good/bad state 情况良好/糟糕
state of mind 思想状况，心情
(2) It is stated that... 陈述；说明……
as stated above 如上所述
make a statement 陈述；发表声明
(3) statement n.[C]声明；陈述
statesman n.[C] (pl. statesmen) 政治家
stateswoman n.[C] (pl. stateswomen) 女政治家
8.range n.[C]①幅度：范围 ②一系列 ③山脉
vi. ①(在某范围内)变动；变化②涉及；论及
vt. 把……排列成行
The students discussed a range of issues on school safety. 学生们讨论了一系列学校安全的问题。
A wide range of colours and patterns are available. 各种颜色和样式都有。
[快速闪记]
beyond/out of one's range/the range of sb 超出某人的范围
within the range of 在……范围之内
range from...to... 从……到……之间变化
9.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的
The idea is beginning to gain widespread favour. 这种意见开始赢得广泛赞同。
10.average n.[C] & [U] ①平均；平均数②一般水平 adj. (无比较级)平均的；平常的
It's said that the paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. 据说这个报社平均每天要收到百来篇来稿。
[快速闪记]
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
the average of... ……的平均数
on(an/the) average 平均；一般地
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到平均数
Ⅱ. 高频短语必会
1.come about 发生；造成
How did it come about that you had lost in the final? 你怎么会在决赛中输了呢？
[快速闪记]
come in 进来；表现出来
come to do sth 开始做某事；来干某事
come to power 掌权
come true 成真
come across (偶然)遇见；碰上；被理解
come along 出现，快点，进展；一道去
come back 回来，再次流行，再次成功
come down下来；下降
come from 来自；出身于
come on 来吧；进展；成长；发生
come out 出来；被出版
come over 过来，顺便来访
come round 来；前来
come to 恢复知觉；结果到达；归结为；(想法)浮现；达到，至
come up 上来；走上来；长出；被提及
come up with 追上；赶上；想出(主意);找出(答案)
2.go up 增长；上升
The temperature is going up;will the snow melt? 气温在上升，雪会融化吗？
[快速闪记]
go wrong 出毛病；失败
go with 陪……一起去；伴随；与……相配
go without 没有，缺乏，将就；不言而喻，理所当然
3.result in 导致
[快速闪记]
result from 由……造成；因……发生
without result 毫无结果地
as a result 结果
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于
4.on the whole 大体上；基本上
5.on/in behalf of (=on/in sb's behalf) 代表；为了……的利益
They also write letters of recommendation on behalf of students. 他们还为学生写推荐信。
6.put up with 忍受；容忍；经受
[快速闪记]
put an end/a stop to 结束；完成
put (...) aside 放……在一边；撇开
put away ①把……收起；放好 ②储存……备用 ③处理掉；抛弃；放弃(想法等)
put down 写下；放下；镇压；平定
put forward 提出；推荐；把(时针等)向前拨
put into 把……放进……，(使)进入……(状态);把……翻译成
put off 延期；推迟
put on 穿上；戴上；上演(戏剧等);增加
put out 伸出；熄灭；关掉
put up ①公布；张贴(布告、相片等) ②举起；抬起 ③建造(房屋等);搭建
7.so long as 只要
8.and so on 等等
Ⅲ. 写作句式必学
1.There is not doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
2.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off.
只要你在使用电气设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉。
3.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍然会持续转暖。