各位游客们，大家好!我叫张小新，是带领大家参观孔庙的导游。大家可以叫我张导，也可以直接喊我的名字。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”今天，我有幸为各位担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务，不足之处，请批评指正。
另外，为了避免发生意外，给大家提几点要求：一要守时，不要让大家等你自己;二要注意安全，小心地滑;三要讲究卫生，爱护环境;三要注意保护文物，不要乱涂乱画。好，下面就请大家跟我游览孔庙。
孔庙是我国历代封建王朝祭祀孔子的庙宇，位于曲阜城中央。它是一组具有东方建筑特色、规模宏大、气势雄伟的古代建筑群。与故宫和避暑山庄并称为中国三大古建筑群。
孔庙又名“至圣庙”，这是对孔子最高的称呼。
请大家跟我进入“圣时门”，这是孔庙的正门。圣时，比喻孔子的思想是适合时代的。
大家请看前面三架拱桥，因“壅水环绕如璧”，故名“璧水桥”。故宫有金水桥，此有璧水桥。
我们经过弘道门、大中门、同文门就到了奎文阁。奎文阁是孔庙的主体建筑之一，以藏书丰富，建筑独特而驰名。现在这里是个小书店，喜欢读书的朋友可以去买书。现在自由活动十分钟，然后我们去大成殿。
现在我们看到的就是大成殿。大成殿重檐九脊，黄瓦飞甍，雕梁画栋，气势雄伟。大成殿四周廊下环立着28根石雕龙柱。最为引人瞩目的是前檐的10根深浮雕龙柱，每柱二龙对翔，盘绕升腾，中刻宝珠，雕刻玲珑剔透，龙姿栩栩如生，无一雷同，堪称我国石刻艺术中的瑰宝，充分显示了我国劳动人民的聪明才智。大成殿内金碧辉煌，有大型神龛9座，17座塑像，居中的一座即是孔子。大成殿前露台过去是祭孔时舞蹈奏乐的地方。大成殿是孔庙的主殿，和故宫太和殿、岱庙宋天贶殿并称东方三大殿。
好了，孔庙就参观到这里，朋友们可以拍照留念，然后去参观孔府。欢迎朋友们再来!再见!
Dear friends hello, everyone, today I will take you to visit is Beijing north on the edge of the Confucian temple and guozijian, you can see here today, early to wish you happy! Beijing imperial academy is located in Beijing dongcheng district settle door guozijian street (formerly known as cheng Yin street), and the Confucius temple. The imperial overall building sits, distribution on the axis jixian door (door), business (second), coloured glaze memorial arch, construct harmony, yi lun hall, JingYiTing. Things on both sides of the four six hall hall, a traditional symmetric pattern, is the only ancient existing in our country, the central public university construction. Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation.
(illustrated)
You come with me now I see past the door; Also called lingxingmeng is Confucius temple gate, door width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door. Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics upon everyone to think in this photograph.
Everybody tell me tight I now the first into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.
The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade after six years, was destroyed in the war, Ming yongle nine years (in the reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years between the temple by expansion between 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, in the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the highest building, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. Temple consecrate Confucius "dacheng them.the most holy king," who're, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet., ghost lead the case on a statue, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are the qing qianlong drive makes genuine. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.
The third into the yard's most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Built in Ming jiajing nine years, rebuild two years qing qianlong, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.
Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.
Good rest, the next station is a famous institution of the imperial college, all with me tight now I went to jixian quo zi jian's door, the door is the door yard has well pavilions, held on the east side of the door communicates with Confucius. A second - business door, into the quo zi jian is the imperial college of the second into the yard, there are coloured glaze memorial arch, harmony and yi lun hall.
Now you tell me I will stay, let me introduce for you construct harmony and yi lun hall, came slowly into the business with me now to the door, the front is imperial academy two door large coloured glaze memorial arch, it is the only specifically for education in Beijing and set up a memorial arch. Banners are on both sides of the emperor, is a symbol of respecting culture in ancient China from. , located in jixian door are the three four pillars between the hip roof top on the 7th floor type coloured glaze memorial arch, 48 years of qianlong (1783). Is face book "teach jersey won bridge", just as the "university in section view," painting, is the only do not belong to Beijing temple coloured glaze memorial arch
Now, let me explain to you the quo zi jian construct harmony, it is the center of the imperial academy building, built in the axis center of a square in the middle of a circular pool high stage, save spire is a square faced the house. All around to open the door, set 6 steps. Construct harmony around the promenade, all set up delicate Bridges across the pool to make the house and yard are interlinked, this kind of architectural form as a symbol of nature round place. Acceded to the throne after the emperor qianlong, whenever a new emperor, are here to do a lecture, in a show of the central government's emphasis on higher education.
Six hall is on the left, it is located in the monarch harmony of left and right sides of the 33 rooms, collectively known as six don, respectively is: HFM hall, hall, hall, the truth monastery hall, hall of justice, wide industry hall of fame, is gongsheng guo-zi-jian diploma of the classroom. Ask now I have a look at the right of the yi lun hall, it is located in the north of monarch harmony hall, the yuan dynasty, chongwen pavilion, the Ming dynasty yongle rebuilt and renamed yi lun hall, in the early years was the emperor to give lectures, after construction of monarch harmony, to the prison library. You followed me to go now, behind is JingYiTing, it is located in yi lun hall, is the third into the quo zi jian yard. Building the Ming jiajing seven years, and has a drink offering wing wing and the department of industry and seven drive makes word tablet, is a place for drink offering quo zi jian in the office. You see my finger's direction, in between the Confucian temple and guozijian passageway, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi 'an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi 'an forest of steles forest of steles. Legend emperor qianlong life ho-shen, wangjie as President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, qianlong praised, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in one's hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces
Now I first drink offering is to introduce the quo zi jian yuan dynasty famous neo-confucianism Xu Heng, at that time, a student more than 200 people. Students studying here is called "guo-zi-jian diploma", roughly three sources: a scholar in the selection of the right direction guo-zi-jian diploma from all parts of the country, to the further study; Second, foreign students, mostly from Korea and their logic, dispatched, Russia, etc.; 3 it is to "donate", front guo-zi-jian diploma, as long as the money to pay the full, can receive "prison", a guo-zi-jian diploma.
Ok everyone around now, photograph, taken everybody, what's the end of our journey, you'll actually Confucius temple and the imperial college have too many things in hope you once again for coming here in a wide-variety of culture, thank you, goodbye everyone!
各位游客朋友，现在我们看到的是北京孔庙。孔庙又称文庙、先师庙，是祭祀孔子的圣庙。在中国，孔庙遍布各地，但孔氏家庙全国仅有两处，一个在山东曲阜，一个在浙江衢州，而坐落在北京东城区安定门内的北京孔庙规格最高，是元、明、清三朝皇帝举行国家祭孔的场所。
各位朋友，我们现在看到的是先师门，又称棂星门，'是孔庙的大门，面阔3间，进深7檩，单檐歇山顶，基本上保留了元代的建筑风格。进人先师门，迎面看到的便是大成门。大成门创建于元代，清代重修，面阔5间，进深9檩，单檐歇山顶。整座建筑坐落在高大的砖石台基上，中间的御路石上髙浮雕海水龙纹图样，五龙戏珠，栩栩如生。大成门前廊两侧摆放着10枚石鼓，每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游猎诗。这是清乾隆时仿周宣王时代的石鼓遗物刻制的。
各位游客朋友，我们现在到了第一进院落，这里是皇帝祭孔前筹备各项事宜的场所，其东侧设有宰牲亭、井亭、神厨，用于祭孔三牲的宰杀、清洗和烹制。两侧有神库、致斋所，用于祭孔礼器的存放和供品的备制。第二进院落是孔庙的中心院落，每逢祭孔大典，这里便钟鼓齐鸣，乐舞升平，仪仗威严。大成殿是第二进院落的主体建筑，也是整座孔庙的中心建筑，是孔庙内最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年，后毁于战火，明永乐九年重建，清光绪三十二年将殿由7间扩建为9间。殿内金砖铺地，内顶施团龙井口天花，其规制是最高建筑等级，堪与故宫太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位，神位两边设有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案，上设尊、爵、卣、笾、豆等祭器均为清乾隆时的御制真品。大殿内外高悬清康熙至宣统9位皇帝的御匾，均是皇帝亲书的对孔子的四字赞语，是极其珍贵的文物。
各位游客朋友，我们现在来到了孔庙的第三进院落，这是最具特色院落，是由崇圣门、崇圣殿和东西配殿组成的独立完整的院落，与前二进院落分割明显而又过渡自然，反映出古人在建筑布局上的巧妙构思。各位请看这组建筑，它叫崇圣殿，是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家庙，建于明嘉靖九年，清乾隆二年重修，并将灰瓦顶改为绿琉璃瓦顶。崇圣殿又称五代祠，面阔5间，进深7檩，殿前建有宽大的月台，月台三面建有垂带踏步各十级。殿内供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的颜回、孔伋、曾参、孟轲四位先哲之父的牌位。东西配殿坐落在砖石台基上，面阔3间，进深5檩，单檐悬山顶，内奉程颐、程颢兄弟、张载、蔡沈、周敦颐、朱熹6位先儒之父。各位朋友，孔庙的三进院落及其建筑有明确的建筑等级差别和功能区域划分，和谐统一地组成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落，是我国古代建筑的杰出代表。
各位游客朋友，我们现在来到了北京国子监，它位于国子监街(原名成贤街)，与孔庙相邻。各位请看，这是集贤门，是国子监的大门，门内院子东西设有井亭，东侧的持敬门与孔庙相通。进入国子监的第二门一太学门，就是国子监的第二进院落，里面有琉璃牌坊，辟雍和彝伦堂。前方就是国子监土门内大型琉璃坊牌坊，它是北京唯一一座专门为教育而设立的牌坊。正反两面横额均为皇帝御题，是中国古代崇文重教的象征。位于集贤门内，是三间四柱七楼庑殿顶式琉璃牌坊，建于乾隆四十八年(公元1783年)，牌坊正面额书“圆桥教泽”，阴面为“学海节观”，彩画华美，是北京唯一不属于寺院的琉璃牌坊。
各位游客朋友，现在我们看到的建筑叫辟雍，它是国子监的中心建筑，建于中轴线中心一座圆形水池中央的四方高台上，是一座方型重檐攒尖顶殿宇。四面开门，设台阶六级。辟雍周围环绕着长廊，四面架设精致的小桥横跨水池，使殿宇与院落相通，这种建筑形制象征着天圆地方。乾隆皇帝之后，每逢新帝即位，都要来此做一次讲学，以示中央政府对高等教育的重视。
各位游客朋友，现在大家跟我往后面走，后面就是敬一亭，它位于在彝伦堂之后，是国子监的第三进院落，建于明嘉靖七年，设有祭酒厢房、司业厢房和七座御制圣谕碑，是国子监祭酒办公的场所。大家看我手指的方向，在孔庙与国子监之间的夹道内，有一处由189块髙大石碑组成的碑林，石碑上篆刻着儒家经典。这部石经的蓝本是雍正年间的江苏金坛贡生蒋衡历时20xx年手书而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石经共计63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，内容的准确性和刻制的精美度都优于西安的“开成石经”，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。
Beijing AnDingMen article in guozijian street, also known as cheng Yin street. The street is a total of four original're building a type of coloured drawing or pattern, in the qing dynasty is the arched most preserved street in Beijing. Locust trees on both side of the street, blotting out the sun shade, sophora japonica fragrance. Beijing Confucian temple is situated at the eastern end of the street.
Confucius temple is sacrifice famous thinker, educator, Confucius temple world culture celebrities, has a long history.
Beijing Confucian temple was built in the yuan, a teacher for six years (1302 AD), yuan, a teacher for ten years (1306 AD) built, begun to take shape. Ming jiajing nine years (1530 AD) built the footprints temple, dedicated to Confucius five generations of ancestors. Qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) the expansion of the dacheng hall, Confucius into today's scale. The entire Confucius temple watching operas.it comprises three courtyards, covers an area of about 220xx square meters, the main body construction along the central axis, bilateral symmetry of the traditional Chinese architectural layout. In the long history of more than 700 years, it became a yuan, Ming and qing three generations of rulers Kong Chongru, promoting education, the main context of the holy land, has become many aim at of intellectuals worship hall of fame. This group is old than the imperial palace imperial buildings concentrated the essence of Confucian culture in one thousand, frozen for a period of hundreds of years of imperial examination. In a hall with high ceiling of the chung chi towering cooper, stone forest, Confucius temple, from the noise of the city, touch the pulse of the history, culture, with quiet indifferent heart to feel an extensive and profound Chinese traditional culture, it is a activity.
Main building of Beijing temple of Confucius is covered with yellow glazed tiles, is the highest building in the feudal society regulation. The Confucius temple building scientific layout, scale, highlights the royal style.
Past the door (also called lingxingmeng door) is the Confucius temple gate, width between three and seven deep purlin, single eaves jehiel the top of the hill, basically retained the architectural style of yuan dynasty, past the door on both sides of the connection in the outer wall of the temple, is a city gate. Enter the past the door, right against the face is dacheng door.
Dacheng door was established in the yuan dynasty, rebuilt in the qing dynasty, the width between five and nine purlin, deep single eaves jehiel the top of the mountain. The entire building is located on the tall brick stylobate, embossed on the royal standing in the way of high sea dragon pattern, wulong play bead, lifelike. Dacheng in front of the corridor on both sides by 10 shek kwu, each raised from stone carving a poem in ancient safari. This is when the qing qianlong imitation of the 8th century BC Zhou Xuan Georgian stone relics of print, resembles that of words and profound poetic only knowledgeable Confucius was able to fully understand. First into the courtyard of the former arranges various matters, that is the emperor, the east of the slaughter pavilion, well pavilions, kitchen god, the dishes that look, that is used to slaughter, cleaning and cooking. On both sides of the library, lent by god for offering Kong Liqi store and prepare offerings.
The second into the courtyard is the center of the Confucius temple courtyard, every time, for the Confucius memorial ceremony here then bell and drum everywhere, deriving euphoria, ceremonial majesty. Dacheng hall is the second into the main architecture of the courtyard, has also been the center of the whole Confucian temple architecture, is the most sacred temple in the Confucius temple. Dacheng hall built Yu Dade six years (AD 1302), was destroyed by fire, after the Ming yongle nine years (AD 1411) reconstruction, the qing guangxu thirty-two years (1906 AD) to the temple from 7 to 9. Inside the brics floor, inside the top group longjing mouth smallpox, their level of regulation is the tallest building in feudalism society of China, comparable to the palace hall of supreme harmony. "Dacheng temple consecrate Confucius holy king wen xuan" who're, as both sides have obtain "four with twelve zhe" memorial tablet. A god lead the case on set, respect, jue, You, Bian, beans and other phenomena are qing qianlong drive makes the real thing. Inside and outside the hall hangs 9 to xuantong emperor of the qing emperor kangxi imperial tablets, all is the emperor of the book probes into four words of Confucius, is precious cultural relics.
The third into the yard's most distinctive, Confucius temple is composed of the footprints door, temple worship and things peidian peidian independent complete compound, and the former binary compound segmentation significantly and natural transition, reflects the ancients, the clever conception on the ministry of construction bureau. This group of buildings called the footprints temple, is the home of the five generations of ancestors worship Confucius temple. Building the Ming jiajing nine years (AD 1530), the qing qianlong emperor two years (AD 1737) rebuilt, green glazed tile roof instead of the gray tiles and roof. Chung temple, also known as the five dynasties shrine, width between five and seven deep purlin, before the house has a wide platform, the platform built on three sides with step every tenth level. Temple consecrate Confucius memorial tablet of five generations of ancestors and obtain YanHui, hole Ji, who, mencius memorial tablet of the father of the four ancient Chinese philosophers. Things peidian peidian, located in masonry stylobate, width between three and five deep purlin, single eaves the hanging, in cheng, cheng hao finds brother, zhang zai, Cai Shen, zhou dunyi, zhu six Confucianism, the father of the first.
Watching operas.it comprises three courtyards and buildings with clear level difference and function division, harmony to form a whole set of royal sacrificial architecture community, is a prominent representative of Chinese ancient architecture.
Confucius temple after 700 years of history culture, precious cultural relics of a legacy, become a important historical research of ancient Chinese imperial examinations and Confucius Confucianism and in-kind.
In Confucius temple first into the yard on both sides of the imperial way is divided into four parts with 198 tall title jinshi stone, three of the yuan dynasty, the Ming dynasty, 77, 118 in the qing dynasty. The title jinshi stone engraved on the yuan, Ming and qing three generations of names, native places, imperial jinshi in all the subjects, a total of 51624 people. In numerous jinshi we know celebrities such as Ming dynasty etiquette of zhang juzheng, patriotic star Yu Qian, Yuan Chonghuan, scientists present YanSong rape, to learn in the qing dynasty outstanding yu ji xiaolan, liu2 yong and modern celebrity Liu Chunlin, shen junru and so on. Shuttle in the time span for hundreds of years in the forest of steles, stroke want mottled itself, look up at BeiMian has been vague on the handwriting, not let a person a "jiangshan generation have fell out, all the excellences for hundreds of years".
Between the Confucian temple and guozijian ancient royal (university) in the way, there is a made up of 189 large stone forest of steles. Stone carving with Confucian classics: zhouyi, "history", the "book of songs", "rites" and "yili", "rites", "spring and autumn zuo zhuan, the biography of the spring and autumn period and the ram," the spring and autumn GuLiang biography ", the analects of Confucius, "xiao", "mencius", "er ya". This writing is the blueprint of yongzheng years jiangsu jintan gongsheng Jiang Heng lasted 12 years and calligraphy. Fifty-six years of qianlong (1791 AD) burring on the monkey made a. All writing a total of more than 630000 words, large scale, our method is good, the accuracy of the content and the seal of fine degrees are better than that of xi 'an "writing", and in terms of scale is the second largest after xi 'an forest of steles forest of steles. Ho-shen, wangjie legend emperor qianlong emperor nominees for President, Peng Yuanrui, liu2 yong as vice-president to textual research. Peng Yuanrui rare books in the song thirteen classics HeDing Jiang Heng calligraphy by the draft, and the popular form of characters to the old style, make the text more complete specification, ancient meaning, highly praised by emperor qian long, were given taizi Pacific title. This makes ho-shen envy is special, of rights in one's hand he ordered overnight to stone tablets to mend all the old style. Until after the collapse of the declaration and archaic handwriting to repair again, there are pieces of dig on BeiMian traces.
On the west side of central courtyard okimichi have seen through. Composed of green petals Wells, stone well. Because is located on the waterline okm, stable door area, the well water often overflow to the mouth of the well, water quality pure palate, legend has it the highest for people after greeting Confucius after all want to drink the water in the well, it is said that after drinking can be inspired, flair, write a good article. With well water ink, 4 excessive, write the word mo xiang pen smoothly. So the qianlong emperor "name inkstone lake. Although now borehole water level is low, there is no one to drink, but the name of the well refined atmosphere and moving legends, added a bit of Confucius literary grace.
各位游客大家好，今天我要带大家前去游览的是北京北二环边上的孔庙和国子监，大家今天可以一睹这里的风采，提前祝大家我的愉快!北京国子监坐落在北京东城区安定门内国子监街(原名成贤街)，与孔庙相邻。国子监整体建筑坐北朝南，中轴线上分布着集贤门(大门)、太学门(二门)、琉璃牌坊、辟雍、彝伦堂、敬一亭。东西两侧有四厅六堂，构成传统的对称格局，是我国现存唯一一所古代中央公办大学建筑。北京孔庙主体建筑都覆以黄色琉璃瓦，是封建社会的最高建筑规制。
(先师门)
大家跟我走我现在看到的是先师门;又称棂星门是孔庙的大门，面阔三间，进深七檩，单檐歇山顶，基本上保留了元代的建筑风格，先师门两侧连接庙宇的外围墙，犹如一座城门。进入先师门，迎面看到的便是大成门。大成门创建于元代，清代重修，面阔五间，进深九檩，单檐歇山顶。整座建筑坐落在高大的砖石台基上，中间的御路石上高浮雕海水龙纹图样，五龙戏珠，栩栩如生。大成门前廊两侧摆放着10枚石鼓，每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游猎诗。这是清乾隆时仿周宣王时代的石鼓遗物刻制的大家想在这拍拍照吧。
大家跟紧我我现在到了第一进院落是皇帝祭孔前筹备各项事宜的场所，其东侧设有宰牲亭、井亭、神厨，用于祭孔三牲的宰杀、清洗和烹制。两侧有神库、致斋所用于祭孔礼器的存放和供品的备制。
第二进院落是孔庙的中心院落，每逢祭孔大典，这里便钟鼓齐鸣，乐舞升平，仪仗威严。大成殿是第二进院落的主体建筑，也是整座孔庙的中心建筑，是孔庙内最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年，后毁于战火，明永乐九年(公元重建，清光绪三十二年将殿由7间扩建为9间。殿内金砖铺地，内顶施团龙井口天花，其规制是最高建筑等级，堪与故宫太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位，神位两边设有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案，上设尊、爵、卣、笾、豆等祭器均为清乾隆时的御制真品。大殿内外高悬清康熙至宣统9位皇帝的御匾，均是皇帝亲书的对孔子的四字赞语，是珍贵的文物。
孔庙的第三进院落最具特色，由崇圣门、崇圣殿和东西配殿组成独立完整的院落，与前二进院落分割明显而又过渡自然，反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙构思。这组建筑称为崇圣祠，是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家庙。建于明嘉靖九年，清乾隆二年重修，并将灰瓦顶改为绿琉璃瓦顶。崇圣殿又称五代祠，面阔五间，进深七檩，殿前建有宽大的月台，月台三面建有垂带踏步各十级。殿内供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的颜回、孔伋、曾参、孟轲四位先哲之父的牌位。东西配殿坐落在砖石台基上，面阔三间，进深五檩，单檐悬山顶，内奉程颐、程颢兄弟、张载、蔡沈、周敦颐、朱熹6位先儒之父。
三进院落及其建筑有明确的建筑等级差别和功能区域划分，和谐统一地组成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落，是我国古代建筑的杰出代表。
大家休息好了么，下一站是著名的学府国子监，大家跟紧我现在我来到的是集贤门是国子监的大门，门内院子东西设有井亭，东侧的持敬门与孔庙相通。进入国子监的第二门—太学门，就是国子监的第二进院落，里面有琉璃牌坊，辟雍和彝伦堂。
现在大家跟我我待会我为大家介绍一下辟雍和彝伦堂，现在跟我慢慢走进太学门，前方就是国子监二门内大型琉璃坊牌坊，它是北京唯一一座专门为教育而设立的牌坊。正反两面横额均为皇帝御题，是中国古代崇文重教的象征。位于集贤门内，是三间四柱七楼庑殿顶式琉璃牌坊，乾隆四十八年(1783年)。正面额书“圜桥教泽”，阴面为"学海节观"，彩画华美，是北京唯一不属于寺院的琉璃牌坊
现在我为大家讲解国子监的辟雍，它是国子监的中心建筑，建于中轴线中心一座圆形水池中央的四方高台上，是一座方型重檐攒尖顶殿宇。四面开门，设台阶六级。辟雍周围环绕著长廊，四面架设精致的小桥横跨水池使殿宇与院落相通，这种建筑形制象征着天圆地方。乾隆皇帝之后，每逢新帝即位，都要来此做一次讲学，以示中央政府对高等教育的重视。
左边是六堂，它是位于辟雍左右两侧的33间房，合称为六堂，分别为：率性堂、诚心堂、崇志堂、修道堂、正义堂、广业堂，是贡生、监生们的教室。现在我问看一下右边的彝伦堂，它位于辟雍大殿以北，元代名为崇文阁，明代永乐年间予以重建并改名为彝伦堂，早年曾是皇帝讲学之处，兴建辟雍之后，则改为监内的藏书处。现在大家跟我往后面走，后面就是敬一亭，它位于在彝伦堂之后，是国子监的第三进院落。建于明嘉靖七年，设有祭酒厢房和司业厢房和七座御制圣谕碑，是国子监祭酒办公的场所。大家看我手指的方向，在孔庙与国子监之间的夹道内，有一处由189座高大石碑组成的碑林。石碑上篆刻着儒家经典：《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《孟子》、《尔雅》。这部石经的蓝本是雍正年间的江苏金坛贡生蒋衡历时20xx年手书而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石经共计63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，内容的准确性和刻制的精美度都优于西安的“开成石经”，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。相传乾隆命和珅、王杰为总裁，彭元瑞、刘墉为副总裁来考订经稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三经核订蒋衡手书的经稿，并把俗体字均改为古体字，使经文更加完善规范，古意大增，受到乾隆赞赏，被授以太子太保衔。这使和珅嫉恨非凡，权倾朝野的他命人在一夜之间挖去石碑上全部改过的古体字。直到和珅垮台后，古体字迹才得以重新修复，至今碑面上还有一块块挖补的痕迹
现在我为大家介绍国子监第一任祭酒是元代著名理学家许衡，当时有学生200余人。在这里学习的学生叫“监生”，大致有三种来源：一是从全国各地秀才中选拔的正途监生，到此作进一步深造;二是外国留学生，大致来自高丽、逞逻、交趾、俄罗斯等;三是“捐监”，挂名监生，只要交足银子，就能领取“监照”，算是监生。
好了大家现在随便转转，拍拍照，大家拍的怎么样了我们的旅途快要结束了，大家尽兴么其实孔庙和国子监有太多的东西希望大家再一次光临在品味一下这里的文化，谢谢，大家再见!
Distinguished guests:
How do you do! I entrusted by the tourism and hospitality sector, to visit the city qufu. Visit our warmest welcome to the guests. I had the privilege of guided Tours, for everyone is very happy, this is our common appreciation at a good opportunity to learn. See after please leave valuable advice.
First of all, to briefly introduce the general situation of the historical and cultural relics qufu.
Historical and cultural city qufu is China's ancient great thinker, educator, politician and relevant literature, the sage Confucius's hometown, the hometown of SAN mencius, the ancestor of the Chinese nation is the birthplace of the yellow emperor yuan, the capital of yan, shang Yin old country, the capital of lu. Three sovereigns four interest-bearing work here, have a history of more than 5000 years. The underground is rich in treasures, the earth has many cultural relics. Existing 112 cultural relics, including the protection unit of the United Nations, the world cultural heritage, the three national protection 4, 12 at the provincial level, the other for the prefecture-level protection.
Top priority is "three hole two temple ling", "three mountain two linyi temple". Confucius, Confucius, konglin was suggested, commonly known as the "three holes", sacrifice Chinese yuan SAN duke of zhou temple, worship Confucius is the first big disciple after st YanHui temple, commonly known as "two temple"; "Ling" is the birthplace of the yellow emperor, long-lived QiuShaoHao ling; "Three mountains"; Confucius birthplace mountain ni, writing group of the Kowloon hills, small mount tai - nine town (also known as the nine mountain). Second is: the best mother in the world education child mother meng Lin, Confucius parents buried Liang Gonglin; "The temple" is li bai, du fu poetry, right, break up, the famous scholar direction reclusive country garden "stone temple".
We now see the Confucius temple.
Confucius temple, also called to the Confucian temple, is a sacrifice to Confucius and his wife Qi officer's seventy-two sages and. Confucius temple and the imperial palace in Beijing and hebei chengde city summer resort said China's three major ancient building group. Expert of Confucius talked about the four words: construction time is the oldest, the most ambitious, most complete, Oriental architectural features the most outstanding. As you can see Confucius temple two questions: one is the great contribution of Confucius for China and the east culture; The second is skillful craftsman in history of China.
Confucius temple was built in 478 BC, built in the second year of the death of Confucius temple. At the Confucius temple, between three display of Confucius, clothes, cars, books, etc., at the age of "FengSi". Emperors have expansion on Confucius temple, overhaul, 15 had 31, minor repair hundreds of times to today's scale. Confucius temple imitated imperial palace architecture of the system, three road layout, nine yard, there are 466 houses, doors pavilion 54, something relatively in a central axis, has nearly one thousand pieces of stone tablet, covers an area of 327.5 mu, for up to two li and 150 meters. Now see Confucius temple is the size of the Ming hongzhi years. After the liberation national funding repair protect many times. Released the first national key cultural relics protection units in China, UNESCO's world heritage list in December 1994, the United Nations protected units of cultural relics, long time of Confucius temple architecture, epic scale, the intact is the world's rare.
Shinto. "Maninsan wall" vigorous cooper before this section of the road to "Shinto". Important temples are designed to open before the respect of informed, called "Shinto".
Maninsan wall. The door is QuFuMing city is the south gate, is also the first door of Confucius temple, the hanging "maninsan wall" four characters, the qing emperor qianlong YuBi. It comes from Confucius' disciple zi gong. Lu convention governors, zi gong extensive and profound knowledge is advanced, with Confucius, zi gong is present, immediately stand up and say, I dare not with my teacher Confucius than, learning is like a wall, I only have a towering high the wall, my teacher asked of several walls. That is to say, my knowledge is equal to a high head, shoulder be clear at a glance is profound; Confucius' learning have me several times as much, after detailed research, a comprehensive discussion, to understand all of his, after entering the door, to see the beauty of the ancestral temple, head you can't see it at the door. Posterity to describe Confucius profound knowledge from teacher wall of towering, to "hundreds of towering", "towering" to the emperor of Ming dynasty named Confucius "civilian world," in this letter have "hh" Confucius learning, praise Confucius learning has ten thousand eight feet, look up, can't see the top, also said the wall deep wall high base is very strong. The four ZiYuan written by an imperial Ming, emperor qianlong to express his attention to Confucius, pro book "maninsan wall" changed his YuBi.
Good music lane. This workshop was built in the Ming dynasty, to consummate and perfect expression of Confucius learned, like the whole process, playing music in the intact all along. Accompanied by bell, bell up "first order", is qing ended, and the voice of the vibration "jade" as the qing fell, "organized, it will," said praise Confucius' learning is a collection of ancient sage, so called "Kim seng and vibration jade", "Kim seng" the sound of the clock, the beginning, "vibration" jade qing, eventually. Which is the source of eps to "finish" idiom. "Good music" is a famous calligrapher of Ming dynasty Hu Zuanzong topic.
"Two cypress bear a hole". Anything vibration jade fang this single-arch bridge, each have a cooper, so called "two cypress bear a hole". This bridge is called: "panxi water bridge" and near the palace panxi pools of water are interlinked, so of "looking forward to water". Read the book of Confucius in the past, admitted to universities is called "hope", few are high, is hoping to get rich and live are thriving.
Dismount monument. Temple wall thing each set up a stone tablet, specially made in 1191 A.D. dismount tablet, under the car. Monument to the west of the early destruction, the east on the tablet "and officials like now dismount." In the past, officials and common people through its foot it dismount, in order to show respect for Confucius, Confucius temple.
Lingxingmeng door. Built in Ming dynasty, rebuilt in 1754 AD, from wooden to stone. "Fasten qianlong YuBi lingxingmeng door". Galaxy legend heaven "twenty BaSu", among them, there is a star called "lingxingmeng" in charge of the culture, also known as "wanted", "vibration day star", the Confucius linked with the tube culture star in the sky, said he is of the highest cultural aspects, such as in the past to worship, offering "wanted", Confucius as Buddha day.
Tai qi fang. This lane is built by the Ming dynasty in 1544 AD, highly praised the thoughts of Confucius, the proposition as "the universe can nurture space. Heaven and earth, the quartet of close, close of Yin and Yang", said the "tai" qi is the most basic things, the universe of taihe, the strength of the human world. "Tai qi" department of shandong province governor Ceng Xi calligraphy.
To the Confucian temple lane. Built in Ming dynasty "to the Confucian temple lane", is a white marble, act the role of flame orb.
Shall the heavens and the earth, the champions league at all. This monastery where transform to build a very peculiar memorial arch, wooden horn around edges, head one thousand renewal, there are eight monsters, is called "day dragon lion", from its majestic inspiration, can drive out evil, they just. Saying, "DE shall east arch of heaven and earth", said the benefits of the thoughts of Confucius advocated to humans like little, deeds can compare with heaven and earth. Saying the ancient and modern "crown" on the west side of the memorial arch, praise Confucius thought, the way of ancient and modern is to lift the champions league.
The door. Three, four units are same as above, the central panlong. This name comes from mencius, the four ancient sage "yi, yi zhi, evil city, Confucius, mencius reduce sacred traces of four saints to four words:" yi qing of the saint, also yi zhi SAN was also, is the sum of evil city SAN, Confucius also st. "St" highly praise Confucius thoughts enduring, is suitable for the saint of The Times. The emperor QuFuChao hole to line "three kneeling nine knocking gift", walk the door; All previous dynasties "yan called" open "holy gate" at birth, except in both cases, it is not easily open the door. All walk fast 覩 door, halls.
Fast 覩 door and take a sneak peek. Means learning four "five classics" of Confucius, who learn who have culture, the first who learn who first have the knowledge, to learn, to see first read for pleasure.
Halls. According to the YanHui praise Confucius's named after a paragraph. YanHui, saying, teacher, Yang "high, drilling and even stronger than before. Praise Confucius learning can't see the top up, called "high", "learning classical Chinese is hard to understand, is called" even stronger than before, "high is not high, after is completely can learn hard. YanHui said "teacher shoot, good attractive, I by wen bo, said I to the ritual." My teacher coaxing, taught me to culture, and give me with courtesy.
Han stone man. Back in highgate pavilion has two han stone man high historical value, one is "TingChang", local small officer (han dynasty), died of an entrance, is the king of lu tomb guard. A survey by generations of a specialist, and text have important value to the study of the han dynasty clothing.
Confucius is my official curtilage, garden and combined with examples
Confucius temple is on the east side of Confucius, Confucius is office grandson hereditary slot. Was built in the song dynasty, through generation of continuous expansion, the size of the form now. Covers an area of 200 mu, there are houses more than 480. Yamun and residential building in together, is a typical feudal aristocratic manor, imperial edict, issued by the official department lobby is used to accept the emperor or the family affairs. Confucius back yard has a garden, quiet and tastefully laid out and pure and fresh, layout, here can be called garden, is also a garden and combined with examples. Confucius in possession of a large number of historical archives, cultural relics handed down from generation to generation in clothing and gear, and precious.
Konglin was suggested to be continue s's oldest and best-preserved family cemetery
Konglin was suggested, also known as the most holy, Lin in qufu north gate, covers an area of 3000 mu, around the brick wall for 14 Lin, and his descendants of Confucius family cemetery. Konglin was suggested in BaiGui passageway, enter konglin was suggested to be after 1200 meters of the pyramid-shaped mound, and then through the stone arches, stone bridge, tunnel, arrived in Confucius's grave. The tomb of Confucius manor 6 meters high, the tomb of the east is the child of Confucius hole hole Ji carp and his grandson's grave. In konglin was suggested, and some grave remains of a stone huabiao, man and beast. All of these are in accordance with the grade of MuZhongRen was knighted a set, the extended and plants in konglin was suggested in 2500, there were mounds More than 10, ten thousand. Its duration, mould was buried, the preserved, are rare.
尊敬的各位来宾：
你们好!我受旅游、接待部门的委托，对光临名城曲阜参观游览的各位佳宾表示热烈地欢迎。我有幸为大家导游陪同参观，非常高兴，这是咱们共同颀赏学习的好机会。看后请留下宝贵意见。
首先，向大家简要介绍一下曲阜的历史、文物概况。
历史文化名城曲阜是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家、文献整理家、世之圣人孔子的家乡，亚圣孟子的故里，中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝的诞生地，炎帝的首都，商殷故国，鲁国首都。三皇五帝有四位在这里生息劳作，有5000多年的历史。地下有丰富的宝藏，地上有众多的文物。现有文物112处，其中有联合国保护单位，世界文化遗产3处，全国保护的4处，省级12处，其他为地市级保护的。
重中之重有"三孔两庙一陵"、"三山二林一寺"。孔庙、孔府、孔林，俗称"三孔"，有祭祀中国元圣周公的庙宇，有祭祀孔子第一大弟子复圣颜回的庙，俗称"两庙";"一陵"是黄帝诞生地--寿丘少昊陵;"三山";孔子出生地尼山、汉墓群九龙山、小泰山--九仙山(又称九山)。二林是：世界教育孩子最好的母亲孟母林，孔子父母埋葬地梁公林;"一寺"是李白、杜甫作诗、答对、分手处，著名文人孔尚任隐居处国家园林"石门寺"。
孔庙历经700多年的历史文化积淀，遗留下来弥足珍贵的文物，成为研究中国古代科举和孔子儒学的重要史料和实物。
在孔庙的第一进院落御路两侧分四部分树立着198座高大的进士题名碑，其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。这些进士题名碑上刻着元、明、清三代各科进士的姓名、籍贯、名次，共计51624人。在众多的进士当中有我们熟知的一些名人如张居正，于谦、徐光启，严嵩，纪昀、刘墉及近代名人刘春霖、沈钧儒等。穿梭在这片时间跨度达数百年的碑林中，轻抚旧貌斑驳的碑身，仰望碑面上已模糊的字迹，不免让人发出“江山代有才人出，各领-数百年”的感慨。
在孔庙与国子监(古代皇家大学)之间的夹道内，有一处由189座高大石碑组成的碑林。石碑上篆刻着儒家经典：《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《孟子》、《尔雅》。这部石经的蓝本是雍正年间的江苏金坛贡生蒋衡历时20_年手书而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石经共计63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，内容的准确性和刻制的精美度都优于西安的“开成石经”，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。相传乾隆命和珅、王杰为总裁，彭元瑞、刘墉为副总裁来考订经稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三经核订蒋衡手书的经稿，并把俗体字均改为古体字，使-更加完善规范，古意大增，受到乾隆赞赏，被授以太子太保衔。这使和珅嫉恨非凡，权倾朝野的他命人在一夜之间挖去石碑上全部改过的古体字。直到和珅0后，古体字迹才得以重新修复，至今碑面上还有一块块挖补的痕迹。
道的西侧有口古井。由青石板组成的花瓣形井台，石质井圈。由于坐落在德胜门、安定门内一带水线上，当年井水常溢到井口，水质清纯甘冽，相传进京赶考的举人们在拜谒孔子后都要饮一下井中圣水，据说饮后能文思泉涌，妙笔生花，写出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨，写出的字墨香四溢，笔劲流畅。故乾隆赐名“砚水湖”。虽然现在井中水位很低，也没有人饮用，但这口井雅致大气的名字及动人的传说，为孔庙增添了几分文采。
嗨，大家好。欢迎大家来到世界的文化遗产——孔庙。我叫王梓懿，叫我王导就好了。
大家往这边看，这就是孔庙。孔庙最早是孔子的故居，只有三间房。孔子死后两年，鲁哀公将其故居改为妙庙。后来，历代帝王加谥于孔子，得到了扩建。所以，我们现在才能见到这么大的孔庙。其实，在明清时期，孔庙就已经这么大了。
孔庙共有八个庭院。前三个庭院呢就是以松柏为主的院子，大家可以自行游览。那个小朋友，别走丢了，等我讲完再游览可以吗?打断大家了，不好意思，我继续给大家讲。
第四个庭院是奎文阁，是孔子读书、收藏书的地方，共有两层，大家是不是看出来孔子真的很爱学习了呢?第四个庭院大家也可以自行游览。大家再跟我往前走，后面的人跟上别走散了，这地方可大得很呢，走丢了可就找不着了!
咱们现在所处的位置是第四个庭院与第六、七个庭院之间的第五个庭院，第五个庭院是碑亭院，院大家看到了多少个碑呢?对了，那个小朋友回答得很对，就是十三个碑。那些碑都是历代帝王为孔子立的碑。金朝和元朝各立了一座碑，其他都是明清时期的帝王所建的。说到这里，有人可能会问：为什么这么多帝王都为孔子立碑呢?这个嘛，有两个原因，一是因为孔子对自己说的“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”二是因为好多帝王都认为给孔子立完碑就能让后人知道他们这个朝代非常兴盛。第六、七个庭院是孔庙的主要建筑区。第八个庭院是后院，大家可以自行游览。那两个小朋友，不要再打闹了，这个解说是很重要的，因为你们三年级时会学到一篇关于孔子的课文哟!
现在，在我们眼前的大殿就是大成殿了，请大家跟我走进大成殿，大人们都领好小孩子，门槛很高的。我们面前现在有七哲塑像。最中间的就是孔子了，孔子两侧共有四个人，他们就是孔子的四个最得意的四配：复圣颜回、述圣孔伋、宗圣曾参、亚圣孟轲。其他孔子斜后面的人，就是孔子的十一个弟子了，有人可能会问，除了孔子不是应该有十六个人吗?那一个人哪儿去了?是因为那十六个人中有一个人不是孔子的弟子，他叫朱熹。大家应该听说过他。不过，朱熹能出现在供奉孔子的大殿里，就能看出他的文化地位有多么高了。
我主要给大家讲的人是孔子特别得意的弟子颜回。颜回比孔子要小，但他死的却比孔子死的早。颜回死后，孔子非常伤心，就写了一章论语来纪念他：贤哉，回也!一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。贤哉，回也!意思是：颜回，贤德啊，吃的是一小筐饭，喝的是一瓢冷水，住在穷陋的小房中，别人都受不了这种贫苦，颜回却仍然不改变向道的乐趣。颜回，贤德啊!是不是大家体会到了孔子称赞颜回的时候，对他作了高度的评价呢?可见孔子多么器重颜回啊!好了，今天的讲解结束了。
北京孔庙(19张)元大德六年(1302)建，大德十年建成。明永乐九年(1411)重建。宣德、嘉靖、万历年间分别修缮大殿，添建崇圣祠，清顺治、雍正、乾隆时又重修，光绪三十二年(1906)升祭祀孔子为大祀，将正殿扩建。孔庙虽然经过历代重修，但其结构基本上仍然保存元代风格。门内院落共有三进，中轴线上的建筑从南向北依次为大成门、大成殿、崇圣门及崇圣祠。有元、明、清三代的进士题名碑198块，为研究中国古代科举制度的重要文献资料。孔庙从1920xx年起对外开放，供人游览。中华人民共和国建立后被列为市级文物保护单位，后为首都博物馆。
全国重点文物保护单位。位于北京城内东城区国子监街。占地2.2万平方米。历代多次重修，为元、明、清三代祭孔建筑，又名"先师庙"。庙坐北朝南，大门称先师门，仍保持元代风格。前有琉璃壁及下马碑，进门东西有碑亭、神厨、神库等，并立有元、明、清三代进士题名碑118方，题刻历代进士5万多名。进大成门至第二进院，正殿名大成殿，为孔庙主体建筑，面阔9间，进深5间，黄琉璃筒瓦重檐庑殿顶，殿前月台三出陛，殿内供奉孔子及"四配"、"十二哲"。殿前有600余年树龄的古柏一株，名"除0柏"，亦名"触0柏"。有古井一口，清高宗赐名"砚水湖"。大成殿后有崇圣祠，自成院落，为祭祀孔子先祖之地。今辟为首都博物馆，展出北京地区出土的历代珍贵文物。
北京安定门内有条国子监街，又名成贤街。这条街共有4座原汁原味的清代一间式彩绘木牌楼，是北京保留牌楼最多最完整的一条街。街道两旁槐树成行，浓荫蔽日，槐花飘香。北京孔庙就坐落在这条街的东端。
历史悠久：已有700多年
孔庙是祭祀著名的思想家、教育家，世界文化名人孔子的庙宇，源远流长。北京孔庙始建于元大德六年(公元1320xx年)，元大德十年(公元1320xx年)建成，初具规模。明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)建崇圣祠，用于供奉孔子五代先人。清光绪三十二年(公元1920xx年)扩建大成殿，孔庙始成今日的规模。整座孔庙分三进院落，占地约220xx平方米，采用了主体建筑沿中轴线分布，左右对称的中国传统建筑布局。在700多年的漫长历史中，这里成为元、明、清三代统治者尊孔崇儒，宣扬教化，主兴文脉的圣地，也成为众多志在功名的读书人顶礼膜拜的殿堂。这组比故宫还年代久远的皇家古建筑浓缩了千年儒家文化精髓，凝固了一段数百年的漫漫科举之路。徜徉在古柏参天、石碑林立、崇基高堂的孔庙里，远离都市的喧闹，触摸历史、文化的脉搏，以宁静淡泊的心去感受中华传统文化的博大精深，实在是件雅事。
建筑辉煌：凸显皇家气派
北京孔庙主体建筑都覆以黄色琉璃瓦，是封建社会的最高建筑规制。整座孔庙建筑布局科学，规模宏大，凸显皇家气派。
先师门(又称棂星门)是孔庙的大门，面阔三间，进深七檩，单檐歇山顶，基本上保留了元代的建筑风格，先师门两侧连接庙宇的外围墙，犹如一座城门。进入先师门，迎面看到的便是大成门。大成门创建于元代，清代重修，面阔五间，进深九檩，单檐歇山顶。整座建筑坐落在高大的砖石台基上，中间的御路石上高浮雕海水龙纹图样，五龙戏珠，栩栩如生。大成门前廊两侧摆放着10枚石鼓，每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游猎诗。这是清乾隆时仿公元前8世纪周宣王时代的石鼓遗物刻制的，那难辨的文字和深邃的诗意恐怕只有学识渊博的孔老夫子才能完全理解吧。第一进院落是皇帝祭孔前筹备各项事宜的场所，其东侧设有宰牲亭、井亭、神厨，用于祭孔三牲的宰杀、清洗和烹制。两侧有神库、致斋所用于祭孔礼器的存放和供品的备制。
第二进院落是孔庙的中心院落，每逢祭孔大典，这里便钟鼓齐鸣，乐舞升平，仪仗威严。大成殿是第二进院落的主体建筑，也是整座孔庙的中心建筑，是孔庙内最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年(公元1320xx年)，后毁于战火，明永乐九年(公元1420xx年)重建，清光绪三十二年(公元1920xx年)将殿由7间扩建为9间。殿内金砖铺地，内顶施团龙井口天花，其规制是我国封建社会的最高建筑等级，堪与故宫太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位，神位两边设有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案，上设尊、爵、卣、笾、豆等祭器均为清乾隆时的御制真品。大殿内外高悬清康熙至宣统9位皇帝的御匾，均是皇帝亲书的对孔子的四字赞语，是珍贵的文物。
孔庙的第三进院落最具特色，由崇圣门、崇圣殿和东西配殿组成独立完整的院落，与前二进院落分割明显而又过渡自然，反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙构思。这组建筑称为崇圣祠，是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家庙。建于明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)，清乾隆二年(公元1737年)重修，并将灰瓦顶改为绿琉璃瓦顶。崇圣殿又称五代祠，面阔五间，进深七檩，殿前建有宽大的月台，月台三面建有垂带踏步各十级。殿内供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的颜回、孔伋、曾参、孟轲四位先哲之父的牌位。东西配殿坐落在砖石台基上，面阔三间，进深五檩，单檐悬山顶，内奉程颐、程颢兄弟、张载、蔡沈、周敦颐、朱熹6位先儒之父。
三进院落及其建筑有明确的建筑等级差别和功能区域划分，和谐统一地组成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落，是我国古代建筑的杰出代表。
史料珍贵：众多名碑有记载
孔庙历经700多年的历史文化积淀，遗留下来弥足珍贵的文物，成为研究中国古代科举和孔子儒学的重要史料和实物。
在孔庙的第一进院落御路两侧分四部分树立着198座高大的进士题名碑，其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。这些进士题名碑上刻着元、明、清三代各科进士的姓名、籍贯、名次，共计51624人。在众多的进士当中有我们熟知的一些名人如张居正，于谦、徐光启，严嵩，纪昀、刘墉及近代名人刘春霖、沈钧儒等。穿梭在这片时间跨度达数百年的碑林中，轻抚旧貌斑驳的碑身，仰望碑面上已模糊的字迹，不免让人发出“江山代有才人出，各领-数百年”的感慨。
在孔庙与国子监(古代皇家大学)之间的夹道内，有一处由189座高大石碑组成的碑林。石碑上篆刻着儒家经典：《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《孟子》、《尔雅》。这部石经的蓝本是雍正年间的江苏金坛贡生蒋衡历时20xx年手书而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石经共计63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，内容的准确性和刻制的精美度都优于西安的“开成石经”，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。相传乾隆命和珅、王杰为总裁，彭元瑞、刘墉为副总裁来考订经稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三经核订蒋衡手书的经稿，并把俗体字均改为古体字，使-更加完善规范，古意大增，受到乾隆赞赏，被授以太子太保衔。这使和珅嫉恨非凡，权倾朝野的他命人在一夜之间挖去石碑上全部改过的古体字。直到和珅0后，古体字迹才得以重新修复，至今碑面上还有一块块挖补的痕迹。
道的西侧有口古井。由青石板组成的花瓣形井台，石质井圈。由于坐落在德胜门、安定门内一带水线上，当年井水常溢到井口，水质清纯甘冽，相传进京赶考的举人们在拜谒孔子后都要饮一下井中圣水，据说饮后能文思泉涌，妙笔生花，写出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨，写出的字墨香四溢，笔劲流畅。故乾隆赐名“砚水湖”。虽然现在井中水位很低，也没有人饮用，但这口井雅致大气的名字及动人的传说，为孔庙增添了几分文采。
20xx年4月北京孔庙开始了50年来的第一次大规模修缮，这次修缮以古建复原和维护为主，恢复清代的建筑规模和样式，宏伟大气的孔庙将再次重现人们面前。
北京孔庙(19张)元大德六年(1302)建，大德十年建成。明永乐九年(1411)重建。宣德、嘉靖、万历年间分别修缮大殿，添建崇圣祠，清顺治、雍正、乾隆时又重修，光绪三十二年(1906)升祭祀孔子为大祀，将正殿扩建。孔庙虽然经过历代重修，但其结构基本上仍然保存元代风格。门内院落共有三进，中轴线上的建筑从南向北依次为大成门、大成殿、崇圣门及崇圣祠。有元、明、清三代的进士题名碑198块，为研究中国古代科举制度的重要文献资料。孔庙从1920xx年起对外开放，供人游览。中华人民共和国建立后被列为市级文物保护单位，后为首都博物馆。
全国重点文物保护单位。位于北京城内东城区国子监街。占地2.2万平方米。历代多次重修，为元、明、清三代祭孔建筑，又名"先师庙"。庙坐北朝南，大门称先师门，仍保持元代风格。前有琉璃壁及下马碑，进门东西有碑亭、神厨、神库等，并立有元、明、清三代进士题名碑118方，题刻历代进士5万多名。进大成门至第二进院，正殿名大成殿，为孔庙主体建筑，面阔9间，进深5间，黄琉璃筒瓦重檐庑殿顶，殿前月台三出陛，殿内供奉孔子及"四配"、"十二哲"。殿前有600余年树龄的古柏一株，名"除0柏"，亦名"触0柏"。有古井一口，清高宗赐名"砚水湖"。大成殿后有崇圣祠，自成院落，为祭祀孔子先祖之地。今辟为首都博物馆，展出北京地区出土的历代珍贵文物。
北京安定门内有条国子监街，又名成贤街。这条街共有4座原汁原味的清代一间式彩绘木牌楼，是北京保留牌楼最多最完整的一条街。街道两旁槐树成行，浓荫蔽日，槐花飘香。北京孔庙就坐落在这条街的东端。
历史悠久：已有700多年
孔庙是祭祀著名的思想家、教育家，世界文化名人孔子的庙宇，源远流长。北京孔庙始建于元大德六年(公元1320xx年)，元大德十年(公元1320xx年)建成，初具规模。明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)建崇圣祠，用于供奉孔子五代先人。清光绪三十二年(公元1920xx年)扩建大成殿，孔庙始成今日的规模。整座孔庙分三进院落，占地约220xx平方米，采用了主体建筑沿中轴线分布，左右对称的中国传统建筑布局。在700多年的漫长历史中，这里成为元、明、清三代统治者尊孔崇儒，宣扬教化，主兴文脉的圣地，也成为众多志在功名的读书人顶礼膜拜的殿堂。这组比故宫还年代久远的皇家古建筑浓缩了千年儒家文化精髓，凝固了一段数百年的漫漫科举之路。徜徉在古柏参天、石碑林立、崇基高堂的孔庙里，远离都市的喧闹，触摸历史、文化的脉搏，以宁静淡泊的心去感受中华传统文化的博大精深，实在是件雅事。
建筑辉煌：凸显皇家气派
北京孔庙主体建筑都覆以黄色琉璃瓦，是封建社会的最高建筑规制。整座孔庙建筑布局科学，规模宏大，凸显皇家气派。
先师门(又称棂星门)是孔庙的大门，面阔三间，进深七檩，单檐歇山顶，基本上保留了元代的建筑风格，先师门两侧连接庙宇的外围墙，犹如一座城门。进入先师门，迎面看到的便是大成门。大成门创建于元代，清代重修，面阔五间，进深九檩，单檐歇山顶。整座建筑坐落在高大的砖石台基上，中间的御路石上高浮雕海水龙纹图样，五龙戏珠，栩栩如生。大成门前廊两侧摆放着10枚石鼓，每枚石鼓的鼓面上都篆刻一首上古游猎诗。这是清乾隆时仿公元前8世纪周宣王时代的石鼓遗物刻制的，那难辨的文字和深邃的诗意恐怕只有学识渊博的孔老夫子才能完全理解吧。第一进院落是皇帝祭孔前筹备各项事宜的场所，其东侧设有宰牲亭、井亭、神厨，用于祭孔三牲的宰杀、清洗和烹制。两侧有神库、致斋所用于祭孔礼器的存放和供品的备制。
第二进院落是孔庙的中心院落，每逢祭孔大典，这里便钟鼓齐鸣，乐舞升平，仪仗威严。大成殿是第二进院落的主体建筑，也是整座孔庙的中心建筑，是孔庙内最神圣的殿堂。大成殿始建于大德六年(公元1320xx年)，后毁于战火，明永乐九年(公元1420xx年)重建，清光绪三十二年(公元1920xx年)将殿由7间扩建为9间。殿内金砖铺地，内顶施团龙井口天花，其规制是我国封建社会的最高建筑等级，堪与故宫太和殿媲美。殿中供奉孔子“大成至圣文宣王”木牌位，神位两边设有配享的“四配十二哲”牌位。神位前置祭案，上设尊、爵、卣、笾、豆等祭器均为清乾隆时的御制真品。大殿内外高悬清康熙至宣统9位皇帝的御匾，均是皇帝亲书的对孔子的四字赞语，是珍贵的文物。
孔庙的第三进院落最具特色，由崇圣门、崇圣殿和东西配殿组成独立完整的院落，与前二进院落分割明显而又过渡自然，反映出古人在建筑部局上的巧妙构思。这组建筑称为崇圣祠，是祭祀孔子五代先祖的家庙。建于明嘉靖九年(公元1530年)，清乾隆二年(公元1737年)重修，并将灰瓦顶改为绿琉璃瓦顶。崇圣殿又称五代祠，面阔五间，进深七檩，殿前建有宽大的月台，月台三面建有垂带踏步各十级。殿内供奉孔子五代先人的牌位及配享的颜回、孔伋、曾参、孟轲四位先哲之父的牌位。东西配殿坐落在砖石台基上，面阔三间，进深五檩，单檐悬山顶，内奉程颐、程颢兄弟、张载、蔡沈、周敦颐、朱熹6位先儒之父。
三进院落及其建筑有明确的建筑等级差别和功能区域划分，和谐统一地组成一整套皇家祭祀性建筑群落，是我国古代建筑的杰出代表。
史料珍贵：众多名碑有记载
孔庙历经700多年的历史文化积淀，遗留下来弥足珍贵的文物，成为研究中国古代科举和孔子儒学的重要史料和实物。
在孔庙的第一进院落御路两侧分四部分树立着198座高大的进士题名碑，其中元代3座、明代77座、清代118座。这些进士题名碑上刻着元、明、清三代各科进士的姓名、籍贯、名次，共计51624人。在众多的进士当中有我们熟知的一些名人如张居正，于谦、徐光启，严嵩，纪昀、刘墉及近代名人刘春霖、沈钧儒等。穿梭在这片时间跨度达数百年的碑林中，轻抚旧貌斑驳的碑身，仰望碑面上已模糊的字迹，不免让人发出“江山代有才人出，各领-数百年”的感慨。
在孔庙与国子监(古代皇家大学)之间的夹道内，有一处由189座高大石碑组成的碑林。石碑上篆刻着儒家经典：《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《孟子》、《尔雅》。这部石经的蓝本是雍正年间的江苏金坛贡生蒋衡历时20xx年手书而成。乾隆五十六年(公元1791年)下旨刻石立碑。全部石经共计63万余字，规模宏大，楷法工整，内容的准确性和刻制的精美度都优于西安的“开成石经”，而在规模上也是仅次于西安碑林的全国第二大碑林。相传乾隆命和珅、王杰为总裁，彭元瑞、刘墉为副总裁来考订经稿。彭元瑞以宋元善本十三经核订蒋衡手书的经稿，并把俗体字均改为古体字，使-更加完善规范，古意大增，受到乾隆赞赏，被授以太子太保衔。这使和珅嫉恨非凡，权倾朝野的他命人在一夜之间挖去石碑上全部改过的古体字。直到和珅0后，古体字迹才得以重新修复，至今碑面上还有一块块挖补的痕迹。
道的西侧有口古井。由青石板组成的花瓣形井台，石质井圈。由于坐落在德胜门、安定门内一带水线上，当年井水常溢到井口，水质清纯甘冽，相传进京赶考的举人们在拜谒孔子后都要饮一下井中圣水，据说饮后能文思泉涌，妙笔生花，写出一手好文章。而用井水磨墨，写出的字墨香四溢，笔劲流畅。故乾隆赐名“砚水湖”。虽然现在井中水位很低，也没有人饮用，但这口井雅致大气的名字及动人的传说，为孔庙增添了几分文采。
各地的游客们：
大家好!欢迎您来到曲阜。首先，请允许我自我介绍一下，我姓贺，是来自快乐旅行团的一名导游，以后大家叫我小贺就行啦!不用客气!
言归正传，这次我们的目的地是曲阜的孔府。我在车上先和大家说一下注意事项，我们的集合、自由游览时光已经公布了，请大家不要迟到，不要因为自我而影响其他人，另外，请大家认清我们快乐旅游团的标志，看!我们的标志是一面旗子上方有一只鸟儿。请大家认清标志，不要走丢。多谢大家的合作!
大家看!这就是有名的孔府!孔府，又称衍圣公府，位于孔庙的东侧，他有一个有名的称号，叫“天下第一家”之称，是孔子的历代子孙居住的地方，也是中国封建社会官衙与内宅合一的典型建筑。孔子死后，他的子孙后代一向居住在他旁边的孔庙中。到北宋末期，孔氏后裔住宅扩大到数十间，到金代，孔子后裔一向是孔庙东边，随着孔子后世官位的升迁和爵位的提高，孔府建筑不断扩大，至宋、明、清到达此刻规模。此刻孔府占地约7。4公顷，有古建筑480间，分前后九进院落，中、东、西三路布局。府内存有著名的孔府档案和超多文物。
看!这气魄雄伟的门就是孔府的大门，坐北朝南。左右两侧，两米多高的圆雕雌雄石狮大门正中上方的高悬着蓝底金字的“圣府”匾额，相传为明相严嵩手书。那两个柱子上悬挂的对联写着：与国咸休安富尊荣公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人家。这副对联相传是清人纪均的手书。形象地说明了孔府在封建社会中的显赫地位。“富”字上少了一点，“章”字中多了一笔，意思是说衍圣公官职位列一品，田地万亩千顷，自然富贵没了顶;孔子及其学说“德侔天地、道冠古今”，圣人之家的“礼乐法度”，也就能天地并存，日月同光。
看!这就是第二道大门，俗称二门。门建于明代，门楣高悬明代诗人、吏部尚书、文渊阁大学士李东阳手书“圣人之门”竖匾正门左右各有腋门一座，耳房一间。在封建社会，平时只走腋门，正门不开，以示庄严。
三堂也叫退厅，是衍圣公接见四品以上官员的地方，也是他们处理家族内部纠纷和处罚府内仆役的场所。为了持续与外界的联系，在内宅门专设两种传事的差役，一种叫差弁，一种叫内传事都有十几人，轮番在门旁耳房内值班，随时向外和向内传话。门的西侧还有一个露出墙外特制的水槽--石流，府内规定挑水夫不得进入内宅，只把水倒入槽内隔墙流入内宅。
此刻我们来到了前上房。这是孔府主人接待至亲和近支族人的客厅，也是他们举行家宴和婚丧仪式的主要场所。院内东西两侧各有一株茂盛的十里香树，每当春夏相交时节，洁白的花朵散发出阵阵清香，房前有一大月台，四角放着四个带鼻的石鼓，是当年府内戏班唱戏时扎棚的脚石。清末孔府养着几十人的戏班子，主人一声令下，立刻开锣唱戏。前上房内，明间敞亮，正中高悬“宏开慈宇”的大匾，中堂之上，挂有一幅慈禧亲笔写的“寿”字。
东侧间，陈列着乾隆皇帝送给孔府的荆根床、椅。桌上放有同治皇帝的圣旨原件。还有色彩鲜艳、花纹古朴的明代“景泰蓝”。梢间中间桌上摆设着一大套满汉餐具，共同404件。器皿上分别雕有鹿、鸭、鱼等，可按其形盛菜，一餐上菜多达190道。长期以来，孔府构成了一种精细独特的菜肴---孔府菜。各种菜制做讲究，取名典雅，如绣球鱼翅、珍珠海参、神仙鸭子、诗礼银杏、玉笔虾仁等名菜，色、香、味、形俱佳。西里间，为孔子七十六代孙、衍圣公孔令贻签阅文件的地方，桌上放有文房四宝，书架上还陈列着儒家经书和孔氏家谱。前上房院的东西两侧各有五间配房，是孔府收藏日用礼器的内库房和管帐室。大家能够去看看
看，苍松挺拔，鱼池东西对列，恬静雅致，大有步移景迁之感，这就是前堂楼。室内陈设布置仍持续着当年的原貌。中间设一铜制暖炉，为当时取暖的用具。东间的“多宝阁”内，摆设着凤冠、人参、珊瑚、灵芝、玉雕、牙雕等。里套间为孔子七十六代孙、衍圣公孔令贻夫人陶氏的卧室，再里间是孔令贻两个女儿的卧室。七十七代孙、衍圣公孔德成14岁时写的“圣人之心如珠在渊，常人之心如瓢在水”的条幅，原封不动地挂在壁上。
那里是后堂楼，后堂楼是二层前出廊的7间楼房，东西两侧有二层前出廊的配楼各3间。后堂楼是孔子七十七代孙、衍圣公孔德成的住宅。
那里是孔府的后花园，孔府花园在孔府内宅后院，又名铁山园。其实铁山园内并无铁山，只在花园西北隅有几块形似山峰的铁矿石。此石系孔庆容在清嘉庆年间重修花园时移入的，称天降神三环路助他修园，他自我从此也以“铁山园主人”自称。
各位嘉宾：
不知道您读没读过<<论语>>，那上面开篇有一句话叫“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”。那么我就以孔子的这句名言，热烈地欢迎您来孔子的故乡曲阜参观游览。下面，就由我陪同各位游览并进行导游服务，非常感谢您的合作，并衷心地希望您对我的工作多提出批评意见。在来曲阜之前,许多朋友可能已对曲阜和孔子有了不少的了解,但也有的朋友知道的并不十分详细,现在,我就在进入景点之前,先把曲阜和孔子的情况简要介绍一下。曲阜位于中国山东省西南部，现有人中62万其中城区人口10万，面积约890平方公里。
“曲阜”二字始见于<<尔雅>>一书，东汉应邵解释说：鲁城中有阜，委曲长七八里，故名“曲阜”。宋真宗大中祥符5年，也就是公元1020xx年，为了纪念中华民族的始祖轩辕黄帝出生在曲阜，曾一度改名“仙源”县，金太宗天会7年(公元1120xx年)，又复名曲阜，沿用至今。曲阜是一个小城，然而，曲阜又是一座有着五千年文明史的文化古城，在这片神圣而又古老的土地上，中国远古传说中的三皇五帝，竟有四人在这里留下了踪迹。
据<<史记>>、<<帝王世纪>>等史书记载：“黄帝生于寿丘”，“少昊自穷桑登帝位，称都曲阜，崩葬云阳山”，现在曲阜城东8里，仍留下座金字塔式的坟墓--少昊陵。中国有句俗话说道“人往高处走，水往低处流”，我们是不是可以理解为我们中华民族的祖先从这里，从黄河中下游向中原，向黄土高原迁徙的过程，而我们的母亲之河，黄河、长江，从黄土高原之上奔腾而下，一泻千里，最后汇入大海呢!中国还有句古话叫“江南出才子，江北出圣人”，实际上，江北的圣人几乎全出自曲阜。在中国封建时代，受到皇帝赐封的圣人一共有6位，他们分别为至圣孔子、亚圣孟子、复圣颜子、述圣子思、宗圣曾子、元圣周公，头4位都出生在曲阜，后两位一位是孔子的弟子，一位是封地在曲阜，周公的后世33代曾在鲁国为国君，至今山东称鲁，即起于此。现在曲阜地上地下文物众多，文化灿烂，有国家级文物古迹4处，省级11处，市级100余处。1982年曲阜被国务院公布为全国首批24个历史文化名城之一，1994年曲阜“三孔”被联合国正式列为世界文化遗产。由于曲阜对东方文化的重要贡献，不少人称曲阜为世界三大圣城之一：“东方的麦加”。
在这里，您不得不沉思，也不能不感奋，因为这里深扎着中华民族的根，深扎着中国传统文化的根。各位朋友，在中国，在东方这片有着五千年文明历史的土地上，你也许读不懂青铜器上的铭文，也许不理解人头兽身表现什么，象征什么。但是，当你走进中国人民的生活，行走在中华民族繁衍生息、劳动创造的古老土地上，你就能感受到、接触到中国人民在日常生活中流露出来的儒家文化的气息，你便能由此体验到中国人民与其他民族迥然不同的生活方式、风土人情和理想道德的差异。无论你从哪个角度，哪个层次去探究中华民族的个性与品格，都不难发现儒家文化的基因，在漫长的历史演进过程中，儒家文化几乎成了中国传统文化的代名词。
而儒家文化的创始人，就是孔子。孔子，春秋时代鲁国人，也就是曲阜人，名丘，字仲尼，生于公元前551年，死于公元前479年，享年73岁。孔子3岁时，父亲叔梁纥去世，16岁时，母亲颜征在去世，少年孔子成了孤儿，开始了他在等级森严的封建社会中独自谋生、学习和奋斗的一生。孔子少年发奋自学，勤而好问，青年时代便掌握了参与贵族政治必须熟悉的礼、乐、射、御、书、数六艺，进而掌握了<<诗>>、<<书>>、<<礼>>、<<乐>>、<<易>>、<<春秋>>六经的内容，为创立儒家文化奠定了基础。孔子30岁设学授徒，开始了漫长的教育生涯，他首开中国私人讲学、面向民众，提倡“有教无类”之风，成为中国第一位，也是世界上第一位伟大的教育家。孔子51岁时，才做了中都县令，后来曾在鲁摄相事，然而时间不长，他便辞了官，离开鲁国开始了他长达20xx年的周游列国之行。
孔子在68岁时回到鲁国，他把几乎全部精力放在了教学和文献整理上，一直到死。孔子的一生是颠沛流离，饱经忧患的一生，是艰苦卓绝、激励奋发的一生，是春风化雨，培育英才的一生，是著书立说，济时救世的一生。如今，他的躯体虽已灰飞烟灭，但他的思想，却潜入每个东方人的心灵，他熔铸了中华民族的个性和品格，随着历史的发展和社会的进步，孔子还将引导着人类，跨向21世纪。曲阜的文物古迹和旅游景点很多，大部分与孔子和孔子文化有关。现在我们所在的位置是曲阜明故城的正南门外，城门的北面是被称为中国三大古建筑群之一的孔庙。城门的正上方有“万仞宫墙”4个大字。“仞”是古代的长度单位，一仞约等于8尺。据说，有人称赞孔子的弟子子贡很有学问，子贡听说以后，就说：“人的学问好比宫墙，我的学问只有墙头这么高，人们一看便会看见墙内的一切，而我的老师孔子的这道墙有数仞，不找到它的门是不能看到墙内宗庙之美丽、房舍的多种多样”。后人为表达对孔子的敬仰，明代胡缵宗就写了“万仞宫墙”4个字镶在城门上，清代乾隆皇帝为了显示自己对孔子的崇拜，又把胡碑取下，换上了自己写的“万仞宫墙”4个大字。这就是“万仞宫墙”的来历。
孔庙第一道门叫“棂星门”。“棂星”又名天田星，古人祭天，先要祭棂星。“棂星门”三个字为乾隆所书。“太和元气”坊同“金声玉振”坊差不多，题字为明代山东巡抚曾铣手书，赞颂孔子思想如同天地生育万物。此院东西各有一座腰门，东边上书“德侔天地一样大，他的学说古今来说都是最好的”。这座门叫“圣时门”，由此住里，有博大精深、深不可测之感。“圣时”二字，取<<孟子.万章下>>，“孔子，圣之时者也”句，意思是说，在圣人之中，孔子是最适合时代者。过圣时门迎面小石桥，叫“璧水桥”，桥两侧偏南各有一座门，东门叫“快睹门”，是先睹为快的意思，西门叫“仰高门”赞颂孔子的学问十分高深。我们进入的大门，称“弘道门”，这三个字取自<<论语.卫星公>>“人能弘道”的句子，以此来赞颂孔子阐发了尧舜汤和文武周公之“道”。这道门也是明朝洪武十年(1377年)时孔庙的大门。
再往后是“大中门”，大中门是宋朝时期孔庙的大门，原名叫“宫和门”，字的意思与孔子中庸之道的主张有关，由此门向南望去，一方面可以看到孔庙的历史沿革，一方面也可以看到孔庙的不断扩大，这些建筑既有清代建筑，也有明代建筑，还有宋代建筑，它们建的时代不同，工匠不同，但都互相配合，相得益彰，构成一体。看孔庙建筑，同时可以看到一部分中国封建社会的发展史。这块碑立于明成化四年(1468年)，因此也叫“成化碑”，它为明宪宗朱见深所立，碑高6米，宽2米多。这块碑的特点是书法精湛，著称于世，并且碑文用论辩形式写成，在极力推崇孔子方面，可以说是之最。大家请看右上角，那上面写道：“联惟孔子之道，有天下者一日不可无焉”，又说：“孔子之道在天下，如布帛粟菽，民生日用不可暂缺”。这碑下面的动物不是乌龟，叫赑屭，是龙的儿子，特别能负重，所以用来驮碑，有句话讲“龙生九子不成龙”，在孔庙内，龙和龙的9个儿子，你都可以看到，当地的老百姓常来这里抚摸这赑屭，他们说：“摸摸赑屭的头，一辈子不犯愁，摸摸赑屭的腚，一辈子不生病”。我们面前的这座木结构建筑名叫“奎文阁”，原是孔庙的藏书楼。“奎星”为二十八星宿之一，有星十六颗，“屈曲相钩，似文字之画”，后来人们把它演化为文官之首，封建帝王把孔子比作天上的奎星，所以孔子又称“历代文官主”。
这座楼阁高23.35米，阔30.1米，深17.62米，三重飞檐，四层斗拱，构造坚固而且合理，康熙年间曲阜曾有过一次大地震，“人间房屋倾者九，存者一”，而奎文阁却傲然屹立，安然无恙，由此可见我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧和高超的建筑艺术。我们现在进入孔庙的第六进院落，展现在大家面前的是13座碑亭，南边8座，北边5座。亭内保存着唐、宋、元、明、清各代石碑共55幢，碑文多为皇帝对孔子的追谥加封、拜庙亲祭、整修庙宇的纪录，用汉文、八思巴文、满文等刻成。此排中间的这座碑，重约65吨，采自北京的西山，在当时，将如此重量的石碑从千里之外，跋山涉水，运至曲阜，不能不说是一个奇迹。
此院东、西各有一门，是孔庙第三道腰门，为“东华门、西华门”。我们现在进入大成门，“大成门”是指今天下之大成，这一排共有5门并列，最西边为启圣门，是供奉孔子父母的地方，中路大成门，又有“金声门、玉振门”相佐，中路为孔庙最中心的地方，东为承圣门，原为孔子故居。大家知道，孔子是伟大的思想家，教育家、政治家，我们认为，孔子首先是个教育家，他是中国第一位老师，封建皇帝封他为“至圣先师”“万世师表”，应当说，他是全人类的老师，是名符其实的“人类灵魂工程师”。
我们面前的“杏坛”，相传是当年孔子设坛讲学的地方，金代建亭作以纪念，著名文人党怀英书“杏坛”二字。坛侧有棵杏树，为后人所栽，每当初春时节，红花绽开，绿叶摇曳。所以乾隆皇帝来朝拜时，曾赋诗赞之，诗曰：重来又值籼开时，几树东风簇绛枝，岂是人间凡卉比，文明终古共春熙。矗立在我们面前的大殿就是名扬天下的“大成殿”，它是中国的“三大殿”之一，与北京故宫的“太和殿”，泰山岱庙的“天贶殿”齐名，其雄伟壮丽有过之而无不及。殿高24.8米，阔45.78米，深24.8米，雕梁画栋，金壁辉煌，特别是周围28根石柱，为世界文化瑰宝，均以整石雕刻而成，前面10根为深浮雕，每柱二龙戏珠，盘绕升腾，栩栩如生，刀法刚劲有力，各具变化。
过去皇帝来了，都是将此柱用黄布围裹。他们若看见恐怕也会自惭不如。两侧及后廊的龙柱为浅浮雕，每柱72条龙，总共1296条。大成殿内供奉着孔子塑像，两侧为四配，东西是复圣颜回、述圣孔及，西面是宗圣曾参和亚圣孟子。再外是12哲。每年9月26日、9月28日，我们都在这里举行盛大的国际孔子文化节和孔子诞辰纪念仪式，表演大型祭孔乐舞和“箫韶乐舞”，举行丰富多彩的文化、旅游活动，欢迎各位到时光临。大成殿两侧的绿瓦长廊叫两半岛，共有80间房屋，是后世供奉先贤先儒的地方，在唐朝受供奉的只有20余人，到了民国多达156人，这些配享原为画像，金时改为塑像，明代改为木制牌位，文革期间被拆掉。现在两廊中主要存放汉画像石刻和著名古碑。
最珍贵的是汉魏六朝石刻22块，如“五凤”“礼器”“乙瑛”“孔庙”“史晨”“张猛龙”碑等，都为国家级石碑，被视为书法艺术的极品，价值连城的瑰宝。最北面的两庑中，珍藏着584块石碑，叫“玉虹楼”法贴，是孔子68代孙孔继涑收集了历代著名书法家的手迹慕刻而成，具有极高的艺术价值。寝殿是供奉孔子夫人亓官氏的专祠。圣迹殿是明万历年间，根据司马迁<<史记.孔子世家>>编绘刻石的连环画，共有120幅。这是我国第一部有完整人物故事的连环画。我们现在的位置是孔庙东路，这里当年为孔子故宅，这口水井为“孔子故宅井”，是当年孔子饮水之井，后人称为“圣水”。亭内的碑有乾隆“饮水拜师”和“故宅井赞”，乾隆8次来曲阜，竟有他5次题字。
后面这座红色墙壁叫“鲁壁”，在秦始皇焚书坑儒时，孔子9世孙孔鲋把<<论语>>等经典藏在此壁内，墙壁倒塌后被人发现，孔子经典方才留传于世。这座殿堂叫“诗礼堂”，是当年孔子教儿子学诗学礼的地方，堂前有两棵宋代银杏树，当初孔府曾用这棵树的果实做菜，名叫“诗礼银杏”大家在品尝孔府菜时，千万不要忘了点这道菜，因为此菜的出处就在这个地方。孔庙是一个巨大的文化博物馆，我们匆匆看一次，只可窥见一斑。不能观其全貌，尤其是不能会其神韵，那就留待各位以后再来时细细品味吧。下面我们参观孔府。孔府即“衍圣公府”，也是世界文化遗产之一，全国重点文物保护单位。孔府大门与孔庙仅一墙之隔。孔府共占地240亩，有厅、堂、楼、房463间，在路布局，九进院落，东路为“东学”，西路为“西学”供游人游览的主要是中路。
各位女士、先生、小朋友，大家好!我叫张玉新，是带领大家参观孔庙的导游。大家可以叫我张导，也可以直接喊我的名字。孔子有句名言：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”今天，我有幸为各位担任导游，十分高兴。我将尽力为大家提供满意的服务，不足之处，请批评指正。另外，为了避免发生意外，给大家提几点要求：一要守时，不要让大家等你自己;二要注意安全，小心地滑;三要讲究卫生，爱护环境;三要注意保护文物，不要乱涂乱画。好，下面就请大家跟我游览孔庙。
孔庙是我国历代封建王朝祭祀孔子的庙宇，位于曲阜城中央。它是一组具有东方建筑特色、规模宏大、气势雄伟的古代建筑群。与故宫和避暑山庄并称为中国三大古建筑群。
孔庙又名“至圣庙”，这是对孔子最高的称呼。
请大家跟我进入“圣时门”，这是孔庙的正门。圣时，比喻孔子的思想是适合时代的。
大家请看前面三架拱桥，因“壅水环绕如璧”，故名“璧水桥”。故宫有金水桥，此有璧水桥。
我们经过弘道门、大中门、同文门就到了奎文阁。奎文阁是孔庙的主体建筑之一，以藏书丰富，建筑独特而驰名。现在这里是个小书店，喜欢读书的朋友可以去买书。现在自由活动十分钟，然后我们去大成殿。
现在我们看到的就是大成殿。大成殿重檐九脊，黄瓦飞甍，雕梁画栋，气势雄伟。大成殿四周廊下环立着28根石雕龙柱。最为引人瞩目的是前檐的10根深浮雕龙柱，每柱二龙对翔，盘绕升腾，中刻宝珠，雕刻玲珑剔透，龙姿栩栩如生，无一雷同，堪称我国石刻艺术中的瑰宝，充分显示了我国劳动人民的聪明才智。大成殿内金碧辉煌，有大型神龛9座，17座塑像，居中的一座即是孔子。大成殿前露台过去是祭孔时舞蹈奏乐的地方。大成殿是孔庙的主殿，和故宫太和殿、岱庙宋天贶殿并称东方三大殿。
好了，孔庙就参观到这里，朋友们可以拍照留念，然后去参观孔府。欢迎朋友们再来!再见!