Hello, I'm director Lin from Fuzhou. Please give me more advice. Welcome tothe "happy time train". First of all, let's start from Beijing!
OK! Now we're at the "history and culture" station. Let me tell yousomething: Prince Gong's house was first built in 1776, which is more than 230years old. It was built for Heshen, a corrupt official. Later, Emperor Jiaqingmade 24 charges, so the house was confiscated. Because the last owner is PrinceGong Yixin, it is called Prince Gong's mansion. Please remember that the twoowners of this mansion are the corrupt official Heshen and Prince GongYixin.
Ladies and gentlemen, now we are at the "Fuchi" station. Do you know whyit's called "Fu Chi"? That's right! Because the shape of the pond is like a bat,he Shen wanted to make himself happy, so he chose the homonym "bat". He alsobuilt 999 bat like buildings in the palace.
We walked past the "Fuchi" and came to the picturesque "western gate"station. The door is exquisitely made, brightly colored and unparalleled. Butthis beautiful door is also one of the 24 crimes of Heshen, because it ismodeled on the western gate of Wanshou garden, the royal garden.
After entering the western gate and passing through the Zhulan corridor,you can see the study of Heshen. You can see a very grand building, which is ournext stop - "historical legend". There is a special way to get to the majesticmain hall. There is only one ladder on this road, followed by a straight andgentle slope. It is said that in his life, Heshen suffered only when he wasyoung, and then he went all the way to the top. So we can also cross the bottomof the ladder, throw all the troubles under the ladder, and then go all the waywith a happy mood!
After visiting Prince Gong's mansion unconsciously, please remember: thishistoric building stands in China! In addition, our train has arrived at theterminal. I hope you can have a safe journey and have a pleasant journey!
大家好!今天由我带领你们到恭亲王府一游。你们可以叫我陈导。
恭亲王府的建筑，可分为府邸和花园两部分。进了大门，站在院子里，我们会发现恭亲王府的府邸是由很多间四合院组成。看到两旁排列整齐的房屋。房子的四个角是尖的，房屋是灰色的，房顶还有雕刻的蝙蝠石像。走过正洋门就来到了后花园，园中散置了叠石假山，曲廊亭榭，池塘花木后花园的花种类繁多、有翠绿的竹子、粉色的月季。还有一个人工湖，像一只蝙蝠的形状。显示了皇家的高贵和奢侈。在恭亲王府内随处可见蝙蝠形状的东西以及雕刻的蝙蝠，因为和珅是回民，蝙蝠的蝠和福气的福是同音。和珅非常聪明很会讨皇帝的喜爱，他当时位居皇帝之下万人之上，皇帝是祈求万岁，和珅就想自己万福，据记载在恭王府大大小小的蝙蝠共有九千九百九十九个，连同后花园中的福字碑的福就正好是万福。
恭亲王府有三绝一宝。 第一绝是藏宝楼。长一百五十六米，共一百零八个房间。每个房间的后窗都不一样，人们推测是和珅用来区分财宝的类别的标记，因为这么多的财宝竟然没有账簿。这些财宝相当于十亿两白银。比当时国库里的钱还多很多。第二绝，是进入后花园的大门，叫作西洋门，是手工白玉雕刻而成。是当时中国唯一的一个拱门。第三绝，是戏楼，因为乾陵皇帝经常来看戏。所以变得有名。
一宝是康熙皇帝写得“福"字。这个“福”字是由子、才、多、寿、田组成的。意思是多子、多才、多寿、多田。因为乾陵皇帝宠爱和珅，所以把这个福字碑送给了他。
今天的恭亲王府一日游到此结束。欢迎大家下次光临。
各位游客大家好!
恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。
北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和珅野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!
恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和珅想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。
进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和珅就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和珅的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!
我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。
进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和珅等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。
穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和珅最爱待在这里了。
出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和珅说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。
有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。
只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。
恭王府概述
亲爱的朋友，欢迎您使用古游网的导游服务：
王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁，位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府，是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府，是全国重点文物保护单位，它代表着中国的王府文化。
乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三，太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职，抄了其全家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。“一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。
“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人，均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近，这个地方是一块风水宝地。
恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。
王府占地约3.1万平方米，分为中、东、西三路建筑，由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝殿七间，左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。
现在就请您跟随我们的讲解，游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。
门外院落
首先给您介绍一下王府主体院落之外的部分。在府邸大门外并列有东西两组院落。
西侧一组院落在三间正门两侧开有两座罩子门通向东、西两路院落，门的前方纵列着四排房屋，每排房屋当中各有一座阿思门，东边的阿思门外有一座影壁。
西侧院落南边沿围墙有两排倒座房，是王府的办事机构用房：前排东侧为回事处、随侍处，中间为管事处，西侧为佐领处、档子房、管领处、庄园处、置办处等，后排为粮仓房;两排倒座之间有东房一排，为裁房、厨房、水屋等。
东侧一组院落中南边沿围墙也有一排倒座房，为王府的兵房，驻有护卫王府的旗兵十余名;北边有一组四合院落，据说载滢回府时在此居住。
当时王府的总出入门就开在东侧院落的东墙上。
好了，下面我们将按照由中路入东路，转中路进西路最后到达后罩楼的顺序带领您转转这重新修缮的恭王府。
正门
中路有正门两重，均朝南。现在您要走入的是恭王府府邸的正门，大门面阔三开间，外置石狮子一对，石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩有12排，代表亲王的爵位。
经过这中路的第一个小院，接下来您还需走过这面阔5间的二门，才能进入王府的中心区域。二门内是正殿及东西配殿，其后为后殿及东西配殿。
向里走您马上会看到的是修复后的银安殿。
银安殿
银安殿俗呼银銮殿，是恭王府最主要的建筑。它作为王府的正殿，只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁。现在经过修复，虽不能与原来的完全一样，但还是能让您体会到它的宏伟与庄重，感受到它的神韵。
现在让我们先去游览一下东路的主要建筑。下一个景点是多福轩。
05多福轩
多福轩采用小五架梁式的明代建筑风格。这里是奕?的会客处，保存着一些漂亮的凤凰彩绘，因其内部悬挂许多“福寿匾”而得名。多福轩内6个书架4个多宝格每个都是4米多高，全是用楠木复原的。
轩前院子内有古藤萝一架，被称为“藤莹架”，据考已生长200多年，在北京是不多见的。因此这个院子又被称为“藤萝院”。
绕过多福轩，您将进入东路的最后一个院子，看到后院的正厅乐道堂。
乐道堂及嘉乐堂
这里恭亲王奕忻起居的地方。奕?为皇子时，道光帝曾赐“乐道堂”匾额一方，此堂因此得名。
东路游览完了，现在请您向西走，去参观中路后院的嘉乐堂。
嘉乐堂五开间、硬山顶、前出廊，是和珅时期的建筑，悬挂“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无从证实。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。这就印证了民间对于王府内有座神殿的传说。
看过了银安殿和嘉乐堂，想必您已经发现了，这中轴线上建筑物的屋顶都用绿琉璃瓦、脊吻兽，而配殿屋皆用灰筒瓦。
亲爱的游客们：我是您们的导游小高
王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁，位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府，是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府，是全国重点文物保护单位，它代表着中国的王府文化。
乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三，太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职，抄了其全家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。 “一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。
“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人，均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近，这个地方是一块风水宝地。
恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。
王府占地约3.1万平方米，分为中、东、西三路建筑，由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝殿七间，左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。
现在就请您跟随我们的讲解，游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。
Hello, tourists!
Prince Gong's mansion used to be the home of "the most greedy one in allages". Later, Emperor Jiaqing made twenty-four charges and confiscated hishouse. Because the last owner was Prince Gong Aixinjueluo Yijin, it was calledPrince Gong's mansion.
There are two dragon veins in Beijing, one is the central axis of Beijing,the other is the moat. The Palace Museum is located at the head of the centralaxis. Prince Gongqin's residence is located at the intersection of the twodragon veins. He Lin once said, "the emperor takes the dragon's head, I take thedragon's tail.". Although the dragon's head is in charge of the overallsituation, it still needs the dragon's tail to do great things. &"Listen, HoHo is so ambitious that he deserves to be the first greedy person in allages.";!
There are 9999 bats in Prince Gongqin's mansion;. This is not a real bat,but a bat like building. In order to make himself happy, he took the homonym of"Fu" and built 9999 bats;.
When you enter the door, the first thing you see is a huge bat;. This is abat like pond called "Fu Chi";. Rockery and gravel are randomly scattered on theBank of the pool. Around Fuchi, elms are planted. The fruit and leaf of elms arelike copper coins. Whenever the fruit and leaf of copper coins fall into Fuchi,Hexiang will laugh and laugh: & lt; money falling from the sky enters my& lsquo; cornucopia & gt;, and the money on the ground also flows intomy bag. &"That's true!
We followed the gurgling water of Fuchi and came to a door. This is abeautiful western gate with bright colors and fine workmanship. It is said thatthis is one of his 24 counts. Because this western gate was made after thewestern gate in the royal garden.
After entering the western gate and bypassing the stone carving of "SongziGuanyin", it is the opera garden of the ho family. In front of the play gardenis a garden, with some flowers in the trim bushes. The play "Xiangfei playsbutterfly" in huanzhuge was shot here. Only two places in Beijing are coveredwith green bricks. One is the Taihe hall in the Forbidden City, and the other isthe stage of the ho family. Because the sound amplification effect of greenbrick is very good, singing on the stage does not need any sound amplificationtools. In such a large theater, everyone can hear music, and it is also a greathonor to stand on the stage full of green bricks and sing for the powerfulministers such as he Lu.
Through the well carved Zhulan corridor, you come to the study of he Lin.The study is surrounded by rockery and bamboo groves, quiet and quiet. The wholeGongqin palace is not built with stone bricks. This study is made of a specialkind of bamboo. It's warm in winter and cool in summer. He likes to stayhere.
Out of the study, the magnificent building in front is the main hall — & mdash; where he Lin meets visitors. To get to the main hall, thereis a very special road. There is only one ladder, and then there is a straightand gentle slope. Because he said that in his life, he had suffered only when hewas young, and then he went all the way to the peak of power. We can cross thebottom of the ladder, avoid suffering, and go straight to the top;.
There is a story: when the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang was very old andsick, she loved her grandson Emperor Kangxi very much and was very depressed. Heasked Su malagu, his maid, to prepare her pen and paper, and with a stroke ofher pen, she wrote "Fu". After finishing the writing, Xuanye and Su malagu lookat the word "Fu" and are stunned & mdash; & mdash; the word is powerfuland natural. If you look closely, you can see many phrases: more fields, moresons, more talents, more longevity & hellip; & hellip; isn't this thewish of the emperor's grandmother? The more Emperor Kangxi saw it, the moresatisfied he was, he ordered people to put the word "Fu" on a huge stone. As aresult, the empress dowager, who had been ill for a long time, soon recovered.Emperor Kangxi was so happy that he decided to pass on this auspicious andauspicious stone from generation to generation, so that the Aixinjueluo familycould prosper from generation to generation.
Unfortunately, when it reached Qianlong, it was stolen out of the palace.This person is he Lin. Now this stone is at the foot of our main hall, onlyshowing the side with the word "Fu". This & quot; blessing & quot; isthe 10th blessing of Prince Gongqin's mansion, which means & quot; tenthousand blessings & quot;. He Shen also said with an air: & lt; theemperor is & lsquo; long live & gt; and I am & lsquo; Wanfu >! & gt; later, when Emperor Jiaqing copied his house, he wanted to movethe Fushi back to the palace, but he didn't. He Lin was too cunning. He built abat like Fushan mountain with stones and built a dragon on the left and right ofthe word "Fu", implying that "the Dragon sits on the river and mountain".Emperor Jiaqing didn't want to destroy himself, so he left the stone.
各位游客大家好!
恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公，恭王府导游词。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。
北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和珅野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!
恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和珅想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。
进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和珅就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和珅的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!
我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。
进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和珅等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。
穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和珅最爱待在这里了。
出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和珅说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。
有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个 “福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。
只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。
恭王府概述
亲爱的朋友，欢迎您使用古游网的导游服务：
王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁，位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府，是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府，是全国重点文物保护单位，它代表着中国的王府文化。
乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三，太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职，抄了其全家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。 “一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。
“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人，均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近，这个地方是一块风水宝地。
恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。
王府占地约3.1万平方米，分为中、东、西三路建筑，由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝殿七间，左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。
现在就请您跟随我们的讲解，游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。
门外院落
首先给您介绍一下王府主体院落之外的部分。在府邸大门外并列有东西两组院落。
西侧一组院落在三间正门两侧开有两座罩子门通向东、西两路院落，门的前方纵列着四排房屋，每排房屋当中各有一座阿思门，东边的阿思门外有一座影壁。
西侧院落南边沿围墙有两排倒座房，是王府的办事机构用房：前排东侧为回事处、随侍处，中间为管事处，西侧为佐领处、档子房、管领处、庄园处、置办处等，后排为粮仓房;两排倒座之间有东房一排，为裁房、厨房、水屋等。
东侧一组院落中南边沿围墙也有一排倒座房，为王府的兵房，驻有护卫王府的旗兵十余名;北边有一组四合院落，据说载滢回府时在此居住。
当时王府的总出入门就开在东侧院落的东墙上。
好了，下面我们将按照由中路入东路，转中路进西路最后到达后罩楼的顺序带领您转转这重新修缮的恭王府。
正门
中路有正门两重，均朝南。现在您要走入的是恭王府府邸的正门，大门面阔三开间，外置石狮子一对，石狮头上的卷毛疙瘩有12排，代表亲王的爵位。
经过这中路的第一个小院，接下来您还需走过这面阔5间的二门，才能进入王府的中心区域。二门内是正殿及东西配殿，其后为后殿及东西配殿。
向里走您马上会看到的是修复后的银安殿。
银安殿
银安殿俗呼银銮殿，是恭王府最主要的建筑。它作为王府的正殿，只有逢重大事件、重要节日时方打开，起到礼仪的作用。民国初年，由于不慎失火，大殿连同东西配殿一并焚毁。现在经过修复，虽不能与原来的完全一样，但还是能让您体会到它的宏伟与庄重，感受到它的神韵。
现在让我们先去游览一下东路的主要建筑。下一个景点是多福轩。
05多福轩
多福轩采用小五架梁式的明代建筑风格。这里是奕?的会客处，保存着一些漂亮的凤凰彩绘，因其内部悬挂许多“福寿匾”而得名。多福轩内6个书架4个多宝格每个都是4米多高，全是用楠木复原的。
轩前院子内有古藤萝一架，被称为“藤莹架”，据考已生长200多年，在北京是不多见的。因此这个院子又被称为“藤萝院”。
绕过多福轩，您将进入东路的最后一个院子，看到后院的正厅乐道堂。
乐道堂及嘉乐堂
这里恭亲王奕忻起居的地方。奕?为皇子时，道光帝曾赐“乐道堂”匾额一方，此堂因此得名。
东路游览完了，现在请您向西走，去参观中路后院的嘉乐堂。
嘉乐堂五开间、硬山顶、前出廊，是和珅时期的建筑，悬挂“嘉乐堂”匾额一方。该匾疑是乾隆帝赐给和珅的，但匾额无署款，无钤记，故无从证实。在恭亲王时期，嘉乐堂主要作为王府的祭祀场所，内供有祖先、诸神等的牌位，以萨满教仪式为主。这就印证了民间对于王府内有座神殿的传说。
看过了银安殿和嘉乐堂，想必您已经发现了，这中轴线上建筑物的屋顶都用绿琉璃瓦、脊吻兽，而配殿屋皆用灰筒瓦。
大家好!今天由我带领你们到恭亲王府一游。你们可以叫我陈导。
恭亲王府的建筑，可分为府邸和花园两部分。进了大门，站在院子里，我们会发现恭亲王府的府邸是由很多间四合院组成。看到两旁排列整齐的房屋。房子的四个角是尖的，房屋是灰色的，房顶还有雕刻的蝙蝠石像。走过正洋门就来到了后花园，园中散置了叠石假山，曲廊亭榭，池塘花木后花园的花种类繁多、有翠绿的竹子、粉色的月季。还有一个人工湖，像一只蝙蝠的形状。显示了皇家的高贵和奢侈。在恭亲王府内随处可见蝙蝠形状的东西以及雕刻的蝙蝠，因为和珅是回民，蝙蝠的蝠和福气的福是同音。和珅非常聪明很会讨皇帝的喜爱，他当时位居皇帝之下万人之上，皇帝是祈求万岁，和珅就想自己万福，据记载在恭王府大大小小的蝙蝠共有九千九百九十九个，连同后花园中的福字碑的福就正好是万福。
恭亲王府有三绝一宝。 第一绝是藏宝楼。长一百五十六米，共一百零八个房间。每个房间的后窗都不一样，人们推测是和珅用来区分财宝的类别的标记，因为这么多的财宝竟然没有账簿。这些财宝相当于十亿两白银。比当时国库里的钱还多很多。第二绝，是进入后花园的大门，叫作西洋门，是手工白玉雕刻而成。是当时中国唯一的一个拱门。第三绝，是戏楼，因为乾陵皇帝经常来看戏。所以变得有名。
一宝是康熙皇帝写得“福"字。这个“福”字是由子、才、多、寿、田组成的。意思是多子、多才、多寿、多田。因为乾陵皇帝宠爱和珅，所以把这个福字碑送给了他。
今天的恭亲王府一日游到此结束。欢迎大家下次光临。
Prince Gong's residence is located in the northwest of Beijing, nearQianhai in the East and Houhai in the north. In the early stage, a canal fromthe northeast corner of Jishuitan (West Sea) water area in Deshengmen bypassedthe west wall of Prince Gong's residence, turned outside the south wall(commonly known as Yueya River), and flowed into Shichahai (Qianhai) throughthree bridges. Facing water in the West and south, and near water in the Eastand North, it can be said that it is surrounded by water and has a beautifulenvironment. By the early 1950s, the canal had been filled up to form Liuyinstreet and qianhaixi street.
Prince Gong's residence was first built in 1776, with a history of morethan 230 years. In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was convicted and his housewas confiscated. After that, the house was divided into two parts: the East andthe West. Emperor Jiaqing of the West gave the house to his younger brotherPrince Yonggui, and the East left it to the ten princesses. In the first year ofChengfeng (1851), Emperor Xianfeng gave the whole palace to Prince Gong Yi? Tolive in. So far, it was named Prince Gong's palace, which is still in use today.Please remember the two main masters of the garden: big corrupt official andPrince Gong Yi?.
Prince Gong's residence is 330 meters long from north to South and 180meters wide from east to west. There are dozens of palaces in Beijing, whichwere either destroyed or used for other purposes. Only Prince Gong's mansion,which has been preserved in its original style, is open to the outside world. Asan ancient garden of Manchu royal family, it is composed of two parts: Mansionand garden, covering an area of more than 60000 square meters, including 32000square meters of mansion and 28000 square meters of garden.
The buildings in the mansion are divided into three roads: the East Road,the middle road and the west road. From the south to the north, they arecomposed of many three-way quadrangles with strict central axis. The layout isclear. The east road goes to park Shanghua, the middle road is solemn andsolemn, and the west road is simple and elegant. The three roads areself-contained and harmonious. In these houses, there are not only the buildingsreflecting the royal style and majesty, but also the exquisite architecture anddecoration style from the folk, which constitute the biggest feature of theroyal culture. The garden integrates Jiangnan garden and Northern architecture,and integrates western architecture and Chinese classical garden architecture.Prince Gong's mansion is not only one of the important representatives of theQing Dynasty's mansion architecture, but also an important performance of themost mature period of Chinese traditional architecture and gardening skills. Mr.Hou Renzhi, a famous scholar, called it "a palace of Prince Gong, half of thehistory of Qing Dynasty".
Prince Gong's house was listed as a key national protection unit in 1982,and the garden of Prince Gong's house was opened to the public in 1988. In theprocess of my explanation, in order to better protect this precious heritage andensure the safety of your visit to the park, please cooperate. First, do notsmoke. Second, do not climb rocks. Third, take good care of your belongings.Fourth, take good care of the environment and do not litter in the park
1、 The first master of the mansion, he (born in 1750 A.D. in the 15th yearof Qianlong and died in 1799 A.D. in the 4th year of Jiaqing), was originallynamed Shanbao, with the word zhizhai and the surname niuhulu. He belonged to theZhenghong banner of Manchuria (once carried into zhenghuang banner, but hisfamily members were classified as Zhenghong banner after being convicted).)Among the eight banners, they are not aristocrats (eight banners are dividedinto yellow flag, yellow flag, white flag, white flag, red flag, red flag, blueflag and blue flag). The yellow flag, the yellow flag and the white flag led bythe emperor were the upper three banners, the nobles and the lower five banners.)How could he be the greatest favorite of Emperor Qianlong if he was not borninto a noble family and had no degree of Jinshi
There are five main reasons why he is favored
First, smart. He? Has an amazing memory, makes a clear reading and makes asmart decision. Even Jiaqing affirmed that he was "smart and agile". When he wasa child, he studied in Xianan palace, the best school in the capital at thattime (Xianan palace is in the Imperial Palace, which is equivalent to thecurrent national key school. It mainly recruits the children of the internalaffairs government and eight banners officials who are both good-looking andgood-looking). He is proficient in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and TibetanLanguages, and can be both civil and military. At the age of 19, he inheritedthe position of third-class light truck captain earned by his ancestors. Threeyears later, there was another vacancy for the third class bodyguard, which gavehim a chance to get close to Emperor Qianlong.
Second, the United tobacco royal family. His son, Fengshen Yinde, was giventhe name by Emperor Qianlong, which means longevity in Manchu. Moreover,Qianlong married his 65 year old daughter Gu Lun and Princess Xiao to his sonFengshen Yinde. The relationship between Emperor Qianlong and "he" changed fromthe relationship between master and slave, the relationship between monarch andminister to the relationship between daughter and family, and Qianlong becamethe real umbrella of "he".
Thirdly, according to unofficial history, I remember that when Hongli wasyoung (later Emperor Qianlong), I once played in the palace and saw nianguifeicombing her hair. Nianguifei was the younger sister of general Nian genyao ofthe Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten beauties of the Qing Dynasty. Her namewas nianqiuyue. Hongli was moved by her beauty and secretly went over to coverher eyes from behind. Qing, Nian's concubine was startled and didn't know whowas behind. She picked up the hairpin and rowed back, which just cut Hongli'sforehead. Later, the empress learned about it, because it spread that it was notgood for Hongli's reputation (she was the Royal concubine of Yongzheng, Honglishould call her erniang. )Next year, the imperial concubine hanged herself.Hongli cried bitterly at that time, because one of his frivolous actions killedNian Guifei. I secretly vowed that when I became an emperor, I would meet again,not to repair this life and the afterlife. So stained with cinnabar, she printeda red fingerprint behind her ear. Many years later, when Hongli became emperor,he was Emperor Qianlong. When he first saw him, he was still a stick guard.Qianlong was surprised and felt that he looked like the young lady who died manyyears ago. So he stepped down from the throne and asked if there were anysisters in his family. He said that there were only two brothers, he and he?.When the emperor was disappointed, he suddenly saw a red mole behind his ear. Itwas not only similar to nianguifei's face, but also the size and location of themole. So the emperor thinks that he? Is the reincarnation of Nian Guifei. So theemperor kept him close to him and favored him. He also used his intelligence toplease Qianlong. As a result, his position and status rose like a helicopter.Within three years, Emperor Qianlong passed orders to promote him to theposition of official. He almost made all kinds of high-ranking officials in theQing Dynasty. He had been a military aircraft Minister for 23 years, and wasknown as the second emperor.
Many friends come to Prince Gong's residence with admiration. The film andtelevision works also make a lot of hype about ho. However, there is a big gapbetween the real image of Ho and the image of the film and television works. Hois a real beautiful man with a white face, quick action, dignified and humorousspeech.
The second master, Prince Gong Yi? (1833-1898), was the sixth son ofEmperor Daoguang. He was named Prince Gong in the imperial edict of EmperorDaoguang in 1850. He was an important and influential figure in the politicalsituation of the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861,he and Cixi jointly launched the "Xinyou coup" to eliminate eight ministers,such as SUSHUN, which paved the way for Cixi to reach the peak of power. Afterthat, he was appointed as the king of political affairs, walked on the militaryplane, and participated in military affairs as a prince, which was very rare inthe Qing Dynasty. As a "leader", he, together with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidongand other feudal officials, set off the famous "Westernization Movement" inmodern Chinese history. Under his invitation and planning, the Qing governmentestablished in 1860 the first official "Ministry of foreign affairs" in Chinesehistory, the premier's national affairs yamen, to deal with foreign affairs. In1862, under his own planning, the Qing government established the capitalTongwen school in Beijing. The establishment of Tongwen school was the beginningof the establishment of a new school in China. It entered the school of BeijingNormal University in 1902 and became the earliest part of the establishment ofPeking University. It seems that the prince of the late Qing Dynasty has acertain relationship with Peking University. Yi? Was the sixth son of EmperorDaoguang. At that time, he was famous for his foreign affairs. Therefore, peoplenicknamed him GUI Zi Liu, and he didn't mind. Because Yi? Was very independentand active in politics, he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, he lostpower and lived in seclusion in Jiehe temple. Yi? Became the tenth iron hat kingof the Qing Dynasty in 1872. He is the author of the collection of works ofledaotang. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was used again. It wasthe Prime Minister of the Navy, the Council for military affairs, and the innercourt. He died in 1898 with the posthumous title of "Zhong". )
2、 Scenic spots in the mansion
The main hall of the palace of yin'an, commonly known as "yin'an hall", isthe place where important ceremonial activities are held. A group of screens andthe throne of the prince are placed in the center of the hall. It corresponds tothe Jinluan Hall of the Forbidden City. Jinluan hall was the place where theemperor summoned and held important ceremonies.
The tall building you see now was newly built in this overhaul as it was inthe Guangxu reign of Tongzhi. The original yin'an hall, together with the Eastand west side halls, was destroyed by burning incense on the night of theLantern Festival on January 15, 1921.
The new construction process of yin'an Hall:
The yin'an hall was built according to the strict Architectural Regulationsof the Qing Dynasty and the highest standard roof of the royal palace.
Tourists, please observe the color of the tiles on the roof of the mainhall, the number of animals on the roof ridge, the number of doornails on themain door, etc. How are they different from the palace museum you can see?
The roof of the imperial palace is covered with golden colored glass, whichis the symbol of imperial power; the roof of the main hall of the Royal Palaceis covered with green colored glass tiles, and the roof of the auxiliary hall iscovered with gray tiles, which indicates the prince's status.
In ancient architecture, door nails were only used on board doors.Originally used to guard against the enemy's fire attack, so Zhuoyi was coveredwith mud to prevent fire. Doornails are usually made of copper. In the QingDynasty, the use of door nails was regulated. In royal architecture, there arenine nails for each door, nine in each direction, and a total of ninety-nine andeighty-one nails. Nine is the pole of Yang number, symbolizing the higheststatus of the emperor. Because the imperial temple is dedicated to the emperorsof the past dynasties, it also has nine road studs; seven roads in the RoyalPalace take seven roads, but seven roads in the prince's palace take nine roads;further down there are five roads take five roads.
Duofuxuan is commonly known as "tengluoyuan". The main hall was called"Yanxi hall" in the period of peace, which was the residence of the son andPrincess of peace. It was called "duofuxuan" in the period of Prince Gong. Itwas the hall and living room of the palace. It was mainly used by the host toreceive visitors, relatives and friends or subordinates who came to report backto the official affairs. It was also used to store gifts sent by the emperor."Duofuxuan" was inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng. It means the palace of a lot ofhappiness. The plaque of "Tongde Yanxi" is hung in the center of the hall, whichis intended to warn the host that only when you and the emperor have the samevirtue can you extend the Xi (XI: good luck and long life). Please observecarefully that the four walls of the hall near the ceiling are all hung with theinscription of "Fu Shou". The inscription of "Fu Shou" is written on the redsquare paper (i.e. "Dou Fang") and is placed in a shuttle shape. The inscriptionof "Fu Shou" is made in pairs.
Since the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, every winter, the emperorhad to write the words "Fu" and "Shou" in person and give them to the king, theDuke, the minister and the empress. The word "Shou" will be added to every majorbirthday celebration. According to convention, the old "Fu Shou" Dou Fang cannot be removed. Instead, the new "Fu Shou" Dou Fang is pasted directly on theold one, meaning "Fu Tian Shou". Now what you see is the original copy.
Please carefully observe the Phoenix and seal painting of Qianlong periodon the roof beam. Although only partial Phoenix Tail pattern remains, it hasspecial value. Its existence confirms that Fudi East Road was once Princessmansion.
Hexi painting is also known as palace architectural painting. This kind ofarchitectural painting is the highest level painting in the Qing Dynasty, mostlypainted on palace buildings or buildings related to the royal family
Ledaotang is the largest building on the East Road and the last one toenter the courtyard. The main room is called "ledaotang". On the interior beams,there are two hundred years of colorful paintings of baojindi and Phoenix in themiddle Qing Dynasty, which indicates that it was the residence of the princessduring the period of peace. In the period of Prince Gong, this is the livingroom of the prince. Now the interior is displayed as it was when Prince Gonglived. The plaque of "ledaotang" was given to Yi? By Emperor Daoguang himself.It expresses a father's wish for his son's happiness and auspiciousness.
He is not a prince. In the Qing Dynasty, when the feudal hierarchy was verystrict, why did he build such a luxurious private house in spite of large-scaleconstruction? You can see the reason from the following records.
Yin De, the son of he, was born on the 19th of the first month of the 40thyear of Qianlong (1775), half a month younger than Princess He Xiao. He andQianlong formed a family of sons and daughters, and became the most unattainablerelatives of the emperor. He Jianhe house was actually built as Princess House,so he Jianhe house was built according to the double specifications of PrincessHouse and first-class officials of the imperial court
Jiale Hall
Jiale hall is the hall name of Hejin period. It is said that the plaque ofJiale hall was given to Hejin by Qianlong. During the period of Prince Gong, itwas the "Temple", that is, the place where Shamanism activities were held.
Shamanism sacrificial activities: Ancient Mongolians believed in Shamanismfirst. Shamanism worships gods and divides the world into three kinds: heavenabove, earth in the middle and hell below.
The most important way of Shaman sacrifice is to worship ancestors andheaven. It is said that the ancestors of Manchu people fell into a trap in abattle and had to hide in a big tree in a hurry. The birds on the tree did notmove, so they did not expose the ancestors of Manchu people to the enemy and letthem survive. Therefore, Manchu people revered the birds as gods.
Grand Theater
The grand theater building of Prince Gong's mansion, built during the reignof tongzhi (1862-1874), is a place for Prince Gong and his relatives to watchthe opera. This theater is the only existing fully enclosed theater in China. Inthe archives of the Qing Dynasty, theatrical buildings were called "bigtheatrical rooms". The building area is 685 square meters, and its architecturalform adopts a three volume hook and build fully enclosed structure. It is saidthat although the whole theater building is of brick and wood structure, it doesnot use an iron nail. In particular, it is worth mentioning the sound effect ofthe Grand Theater. In order to ensure the fidelity of the sound, several largetanks are placed under the stage. The ingenious and special structure increasesthe resonance reverberation space, so that the audience can clearly hear thesinging of the actors without any sound transmission tools at any position inthe theater. Once, after a famous singer came here to sing, he excitedly praisedthat the timbre effect of the grand theater building was better than that of theconcert hall.
In the peony courtyard, the location of the theater is general, but theinside is resplendent. On both sides of the stage, the two pillars, the fourwalls and the top are all painted with twigs and vines. The scene of greenleaves and purple flowers in full bloom makes people feel like watching theOpera under the vines. It is said that at that time, even Empress Dowager Cixiwas sitting in the courtyard. Prince Gong worried that he would be guilty ofoverstepping the system, so he painted a lot of vines on the roof, which meansthat this is the vines rack, not the lobby. It's very kind of him. There are 20large palace lanterns hanging on the top of the shed, and 20 eight immortalstables with Taishi chairs are placed in an orderly manner. The back walls of thetheater are light brown wooden lattice, with dark blue silk cloth as the bottomlining. On the south side of the hall is a stage about one meter high. Above thestage, there is a black plaque with gold characters, which is written with fourseal characters of "enjoy yourself". In the south, there is an actor's dressingroom in the backstage and a stage in the front. In the north, there are placesfor VIPs and their wives to watch and rest. Yi's birthday is in the late Octoberof the lunar calendar. When holding a birthday party, a fire is needed, so theGrand Theater is also called "warm building" by the government. In addition toacting, it was also the place where the wedding ceremony was held in PrinceGong's mansion. Every time the important figures in the mansion die, the theaterwill be full of couplets, buildings, cigarettes, long hanging, and monks andnuns in each temple will sprinkle sutras one after another to pass the dead.
In 1936, Pu Ru, the grandson of Prince Gong Yi? Who lived in the garden atthat time, celebrated his mother Mrs. Xiang's birthday and organized a hall playin the theater. At that time, famous actors in the Peking Opera circle gatheredin the Grand Theater and performed on the stage one after another. This is thelast meeting of Prince Gong's mansion. Now?
大家好，我是恭王府的讲解员小丽，非常欢迎各位到恭王府参观游览。恭王府地处北京内城西北部，东近前海，北倚后海。早期自德胜门内积水潭(西海)水域东北角所引出的一条水渠，绕过恭王府的西墙转南墙外(俗称月牙河)，经三座桥流入什刹海(前海)。西、南临水，东、北近水，可谓四周皆水，环境幽美的风水宝地。到20世纪50年代初，该水渠被填平，形成柳荫街及前海西街。
恭王府最早建于乾隆四十一年，公元1776年，已有230多年的历史，是为大学士和珅所建的宅院。嘉庆四年和珅获罪，宅第没收。之后将宅第分为东西两部分，西部嘉庆皇帝赐给了弟弟庆亲王永璘，东部留给了十公主。咸丰元年(1851)咸丰帝将整座王府赐给恭亲王奕忻入住，至此得名恭王府，沿用至今。请大家记住园子的二位主要主人：大贪官和珅及恭亲王奕忻。
恭王府南北长330米，东西宽180米。北京有几十座王府，不是被毁就是被挪做他用，以原来风貌保存下来对外开放的仅恭王府一座。作为满清皇族的古建园林，由府邸和花园两部分组成，总占地面积约六万多平米，其中府邸约3.2万平米,花园占地2.8万平方米。府邸内的建筑分东、中、西三路，由南自北都是以严格的中轴线贯穿着的多三进四合院落组成，布局分明;东路去朴尚华、中路庄严肃穆、西路古朴典雅，三路自成一体又和谐统一。在这些房屋中既有体现皇家气派和威严的建筑，又有来自民间精巧的建筑和装饰风格，构成了王府文化的最大特点。花园融江南园林与北方建筑格局为一体，汇西洋建筑及中国古典园林建筑为一园。恭王府既是清代王府建筑的重要代表之一，也是中国传统建筑及造园技艺最成熟时期的重要表现。著名学者侯仁之先生称之为“一座恭王府，半部清代史”。
北京恭王府导游词2
据野史上讲，记得弘历年少时(后来的乾隆皇帝)有一次在宫中玩耍，看到年贵妃在梳头，而这个年贵妃是清朝大将军年羹尧的妹妹，是清朝十大美女之一，叫年秋月。弘历被她的美貌打动偷偷过去从后面蒙住了她的眼睛，年贵妃吓了一跳也不知后面是谁，拿起簪子向后一划，恰好划破了弘历的额头。后来此事让皇后得知，因为此事传出去对弘历的名声不好(她是雍正爷的贵妃，弘历应叫她额娘。)下旨年贵妃上吊自尽。弘历当时痛哭一场，因为他的一个轻浮举动使年贵妃丧生。暗暗发誓等我当了皇帝再得相见，不修今世修来世。于是沾着朱砂在年贵妃的耳后印了一个红红的指印。多年以后弘历当了皇帝就是乾隆爷。当他第一次看到和珅时，和珅还是个粘杆卫(走在轿子边上的小官)。乾隆大吃一惊觉得和珅长得酷似多年前死去的年贵妃。于是走下宝座问他家中有没有姐妹，和珅说只有兄弟二人，和珅、和璘。当皇上失望之时，突然看到和珅的耳后有一个红痣，与年贵妃不但面貌相似，而且痣的大小位臵也一样。所以皇上认为和珅就是年贵妃的投胎转世。于是皇上把和珅收在身边倍加宠爱，和珅也凭借自己的聪明才智讨乾隆喜欢。于是和珅就像坐直升机一样，职务和地位直线上升，三年内乾隆皇帝多次传旨升和珅的官职，几乎把大清各种高官做遍，风光享尽，仅担任军机大臣一职就长达23年，权势赫赫，人称二皇帝。
很多朋友都是慕名来到恭王府的，影视作品对和珅的炒作也是沸沸扬扬，但是和珅的真实形象和影视作品形象有很大的差距，和珅是一个地地道道的美男子，玉树临风，脸庞白皙，行动敏捷，举止端庄，言语诙谐。
大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过，那就让我来当一回导游吧!
恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和珅的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕yi(四声)?_in(三声)(音、字同欣)，所以称为恭亲王府。
北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和珅曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和珅野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!
恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。
进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!
我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。
进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和珅家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和珅家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。
穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和珅的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。
出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和珅会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和珅说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。
有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。
只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和珅。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和珅还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和珅太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。
我们刚才是“平步青云”而上，现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。
再沿着福山前的池塘流水走，便可来和珅家的钓鱼池，踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台，钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山，池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树，它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆，与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣，就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看，才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢：钓鱼台的栏杆，牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。
钓鱼池北岸上，还有一座形状奇特的阁楼，阁楼前种满了花草树木，据说是恭亲王奕?派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕?很是讨厌慈禧太后，说：“你把我玩弄于股掌之间，我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是，奕?就建了这么一个阁楼。
游完恭亲王府，我再次回首，看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸，心中百感交集：在这里住过的人，在自己事业走到颠峰时，却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路
恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。
进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的?聚宝盆?，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!
我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。
进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。
大家去过北京恭亲王府吗?如果没去过，那就让我来当一回导游吧!
恭亲王府原是“千古第一贪”的和王申的家，后被嘉庆帝立下二十四条罪状，抄了他的家充公。因最后一任主人是恭亲王爱新觉罗·奕讠斤，所以称为恭亲王府。
北京城两龙脉，一是京城中轴线，二是护城河。故宫就坐落在中轴线的头上。而恭亲王府就坐落在两龙脉相交之处。和王申曾大言不惭说：“皇上坐龙头，我坐龙尾。龙头虽掌大局，却还要龙尾行大事。”听听，和王申野心之勃勃，真不愧“千古第一贪”!
恭亲王府内，有九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。这“蝙蝠”并不是真实的蝙蝠，而形似蝙蝠的建筑。和王申想让自己很幸福，便取“福”的谐音字“蝠”，建了九千九百九十九只“蝙蝠”。
进门后，首先映入眼帘的，便是一只硕大的“蝙蝠”。这是一只形似蝙蝠的池塘，名曰“福池”。池岸边随意错落着假山碎石。福池周围栽满了榆树，榆树的果、叶形似铜钱，每当铜钱般的果、叶掉入福池时，和王申就会笑哈哈：“天上掉下的钱，进入我的‘聚宝盆’，地上的钱也是流入我和王申的囊袋中。”这话可真不假!
我们顺着福池潺潺流水走，便来一扇门前。这是一扇精美绝伦的西洋门，色彩鲜艳，做工精细。据说这也是他二十四条罪状之一。因为这一扇西洋门是仿造皇家园林——万寿园里的西洋门造的。
进了西洋门，绕过“送子观音”石雕，便是和王申家的戏园了。戏园前是一片花园，修剪整齐的灌木丛中开着些许花儿。《环珠格格》中“香妃戏蝶”这出戏就是在这里拍摄的。全北京城只有两处是满地青砖，一是故宫的太和殿，二便是和王申家的戏台了。因为青砖的扩音效果十分好，所以在戏台上唱戏不需要任何扩音工具，偌大的戏场人人都能听到音乐，能站在遍地青砖的戏台上为和王申等权贵大臣唱戏也是一种殊荣了。
穿过雕刻精细的朱栏长廊，便来到了和王申的书斋。书斋四面假山竹林环合，清幽宁静。整个恭亲王府，就它不是用石砖砌的。这座书斋是用一种特殊的竹料建成的，冬暖夏凉，和王申最爱待在这里了。
出书斋，前面那座十分大气的建筑就是正殿——和王申会客的地方。要上正殿，有一条很特别的路，只有一节阶梯，然后就是一条笔直平缓的坡路，因为和王申说过他这一世，只有年少时吃过苦，然后就一路平步青云，登上了“一人之下，万人之上”的权势颠峰。我们可以跨过最底下的一节阶梯，免吃一点苦，直接“平步青云”。
有这样一个故事：当年孝庄太后年老病重之时，极其爱戴她的皇孙——康熙帝，心情极其郁闷。他让侍女苏麻喇姑准备好纸笔，大笔一挥，写了一个“福”字。写完之后，玄烨和苏麻喇姑看着那个“福”字惊呆了——那个字苍劲有力，十分潇洒。细一看，竟看见了多个词组：多田，多子，多才，多寿……这不就是皇祖母的心愿吗?康熙帝越看越满意，便命人把这个“福”字拓在一块巨石上。结果，久病多时的太皇太后很快康复了!康熙帝大喜，决定将这块饱含吉祥福瑞气息的巨石代代相传，让爱新觉罗家族世代昌盛。
只可惜传到乾隆手中，就被别人偷出了皇宫。这个人就是和王申。现在这块福石就在我们正殿脚下，只露出写有“福”字的一面。这个“福”便是恭亲王府的第一万个福，寓意“万福”。和王申还神气地说：“皇上是‘万岁’，我是‘万福’!”后来，嘉庆帝抄他家时，本想把福石搬回皇宫，可还是没有搬成。和王申太狡猾了，他用石块砌了一座形似蝙蝠的福山，在“福”字左右各砌了一条龙，寓意“龙坐江山”，嘉庆帝不想自毁“江山”，便把福石留了下来。
我们刚才是“平步青云”而上，现在让我们踏着龙脉下来吧。
再沿着福山前的池塘流水走，便可来和王申家的钓鱼池，踩着朱色石船便可来到池中心的钓鱼台，钓鱼台南面堆砌着一些奇形怪状的假山，池里长满了绿色植物。北面岩上栽满了柳树，它们阿娜多姿的身体随风摇摆，与池中冒个不停的水突眼相映成趣，就像自己来到了济南趵突泉。可我回头一看，才发现自己还没离开恭亲王府呢：钓鱼台的栏杆，牌栏上无不镂刻着只有北京恭亲王府才有的蝙蝠花纹。
钓鱼池北岸上，还有一座形状奇特的阁楼，阁楼前种满了花草树木，据说是恭亲王奕讠斤派人按慈禧太后头上的旗头形状做的。奕讠斤很是讨厌慈禧太后，说：“你把我玩弄于股掌之间，我就要在你头上作威作福!”于是，奕讠斤就建了这么一个阁楼。
游完恭亲王府，我再次回首，看着这座饱经历史风霜却风采不减当年的府邸，心中百感交集：在这里住过的人，在自己事业走到颠峰时，却不知自己也走上了权途与钱途的末路。
亲爱的游客们：我是您们的导游小高
王府文化是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分，是连接宫廷文化和平民文化的桥梁，位于北京西城区前海西街的恭王府，是中国现存王府中保存最完整的清代王府，是全国重点文物保护单位，它代表着中国的王府文化。
乾隆四十一年，即1776年，和珅开始在这东依前海，背靠后海的位置修建他的豪华宅第，时称“和第”。有说法称、明弘治年间、大太监李广也曾经置第于此。嘉庆四年正月初三，太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆皇帝就褫夺了和珅军机大臣和九门提督两职，抄了其全家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，同年正月十八，即1799年2月22日，和珅被“赐令自尽”。而宅子本身，则归了“爱豪宅不爱江山”的嘉庆胞弟庆僖亲王永璘所有。与此同时，嫁给和珅儿子的乾隆之女和孝公主，仍居住在半座宅第中。咸丰元年，即1851年，清末重要政治人物恭亲王奕?成为这所宅子的第三代主人，改名恭王府，恭王府之名由此沿用至今。 “一座恭王府，半部清朝史”是历史地理学家侯仁之对恭王府的评价。民国初年，这座王府被恭亲王的孙子溥伟以40万块大洋卖给教会，后由辅仁大学用108根金条赎回，并用作女生学堂。新中国成立以后，王府曾被公安部宿舍、风机厂、音乐学院等多家单位使用过。
“月牙河绕宅如龙蟠，西山远望如虎踞”，这是史书上对恭王府的描述。就其选址而言，它占据京城绝佳的位置。古人修宅建园很注重风水，北京据说有两条龙脉，一是土龙，即故宫的龙脉;二是水龙，指后海和北海一线，而恭王府正好在后海和北海之间的连接线上，即龙脉上，因此风水非常的好。古人以水为财，在恭王府内“处处见水”，最大的湖心亭的水，是从玉泉湖引进来的，而且只内入不外流，因此更符合风水学聚财的说法。新中国十大元帅和郭沫若等人，均在恭王府的附近居住，而且都非常长寿。据说，北京长寿老人最多的地方就是恭王府附近，这个地方是一块风水宝地。
恭王府是我国保存最为完整的王府建筑群，分为府邸和花园两部分，府在前，园在后。恭王府的开放，早在30年前，就被提上议事日程。1975年，周总理在病床上，将三件未做完的事情托付给谷牧，其中之一就是恭王府的开放问题。
王府占地约3.1万平方米，分为中、东、西三路建筑，由严格的轴线贯穿着的、多进四合院落组成。王府有门脸五间，正殿七间，后殿五间，后寝殿七间，左右有配殿。府邸不仅宽大，而且建筑规模也是王府中最高的。恭王府的中、东、西三路各有三个院落，其中每一路的后两个院子是我们要游览的主要区域。
现在就请您跟随我们的讲解，游览一下这历尽苍桑、重现世人的恭王府吧。
Hello everyone! Today I'll take you to Prince Gong's mansion. You can callme director Chen.
The building of Prince Gongqin's mansion can be divided into two parts: themansion and the garden. After entering the gate and standing in the courtyard,we will find that the mansion of Prince Gongqin's mansion is composed of manyquadrangles. I saw houses lined up on both sides. The four corners of the houseare pointed, the house is gray, and there are carved bat statues on the roof.After walking through the Zhengyang gate, you come to the back garden. There aremany kinds of flowers in the back garden, including green bamboo and pink rose.There is also an artificial lake in the shape of a bat. It shows the nobilityand luxury of the royal family. Bat shaped objects and carved bats can be seeneverywhere in Prince Gongqin's residence, because he Yao is a Hui people, andbat's bat is homonymous with blessing's blessing. He was very clever and likedby the emperor. At that time, he was among the top ten thousand people under theemperor. The emperor prayed for long live, and he wanted to be blessed.According to records, there were 9999 bats large and small in Prince Gong'smansion. Together with the blessing stele in the back garden, the blessing wasjust Wanfu.
There are three treasures in Prince Gong's mansion. The first is thetreasure house. It is 156 meters long and has 108 rooms. The rear window of eachroom is different. It is speculated that it is the mark used by He Yao todistinguish the categories of treasures, because so many treasures have noaccount books. These treasures are equivalent to one billion taels of silver.It's a lot more than the Treasury at that time. The second is the gate to theback garden, which is called the western gate. It is hand carved with whitejade. It was the only arch in China at that time. The third is the theater,because emperor Qianling often came to the theater. So it became famous.
One treasure is the word "Fu" written by Emperor Kangxi. The word "Fu" iscomposed of Zi, Cai, duo, Shou and Tian. It means more sons, more talents, morelongevity and more fields. Because the emperor of Qianling doted on he Lu, hegave this stele to him.
This is the end of today's one-day tour of Prince Gongqin's residence.Welcome to our next visit.
Prince Gong's residence is located in Qianhai West Street, XichengDistrict, Beijing. It is the largest palace in Qing Dynasty. It was successivelyused as the residence of the corrupt official and Prince Qing. Later, it wasgiven to Prince Gong Yixin, hence the name of Prince Gong's residence, which isstill in use today. Prince Gong's residence has gone through the historicalprocess of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, so there is a sayingthat "a Prince Gong's residence, half of the history of the Qing Dynasty".
&This is the description of Prince Gong's residence in historicalbooks. In terms of its location, it occupies an excellent position in thecapital. The ancients paid great attention to Fengshui in building houses andgardens. It is said that there are two dragon veins in Beijing. One is the EarthDragon, which is the dragon vein of the Forbidden City; the other is the waterdragon, which refers to the line between Houhai and Beihai. Prince Gong'sresidence is just on the connecting line between Houhai and Beihai, which is thedragon vein. Therefore, Fengshui is very good. The ancients took water as theirwealth. They found water everywhere in Prince Gong's mansion. The water of thelargest pavilion in the center of the lake was introduced from Yuquan lake, andit only entered but did not flow out. Therefore, it is more in line with thetheory of geomantic omen. China's top ten marshals and Guo Moruo and others alllived near Prince Gong's residence and lived a long life. It is said that theplace with the largest number of long-lived people in Beijing is near PrinceGong's residence. This place is really a treasure land of geomantic omen.
Prince Gong's mansion is composed of two parts: Mansion and garden. It isabout 330 meters long from north to South and 180 meters wide from east to west.It covers an area of 61120 square meters, including 32260 square meters ofmansion and 28860 square meters of garden. The mansion is not only spacious, butalso the highest standard of architecture. The obvious signs are the front doorand the number of houses. There are five front rooms, seven main rooms, fiveback rooms, seven back rooms, and a side room on the left and right. There mustbe no more royal mansions than these. The form of the house and the color of thetiles should not exceed the standard. There are three courtyards in the middle,East and West roads of Prince Gong's mansion, and the back two courtyards ofeach road are the main areas for people to visit.
The mansion building is divided into East, middle and West roads, each ofwhich is composed of multiple courtyard buildings running through the strictcentral axis from south to north.
The main buildings on the middle road are yin'an hall and Jiale hall. Theroof of the hall is green glazed tiles, which shows the majesty of the middleroad and the identity of the prince. The front courtyard of East Road is calledduofuxuan. In front of the hall, there is a vine that has been growing for morethan 200 years. It is still growing very well. It is extremely rare in thecapital. The main room of the backyard on East Road is called "ledotang", whichwas the living place of Prince Gong Yi Xin. The siheyuan on the west road isrelatively small and exquisite. The main buildings are Baoguang room andxijinzhai. The most exquisite work is xijinzhai, which belongs to thehigh-profile school. There are exquisitely carved sections of Nanmu in the hall,which is in the style of ningshou palace in the Forbidden City (this is one ofthe "twenty crimes" of Hezhen's being condemned to death). In the deepest partof the mansion, there is a two-story back cover building, 156 meters long fromeast to west. There are 88 windows on the back wall. There are 108 rooms in thebuilding, commonly known as "99 rooms and a half", which means "when you getthere, you will get rich".
It's called "Langrun garden" or "cuijin garden". It's commonly known asGongwangfu garden. Wandering in the garden is like walking in the mountains andrivers. Echoing the residence, the garden is also divided into East, West andEast. The entrance of the middle road is a white marble arched stone gate withwestern architectural style, centered on the stele of "Fu" written by EmperorKangxi, with dulefeng and bat pool in front and green sky Xiaoyin and bat hallin the back. The layout is memorable. The Grand Theater Hall on the east road isdecorated with fresh and beautiful decoration. The purple flowers of twigs andvines are in full bloom, making people feel like watching the Opera under thevines. At the south end of the theater, the Ming daozhai, the winding pathleading to seclusion, the hanging green Yue, the singing fragrance and thedrunken moon, and the Liubei Pavilion constitute the garden in the garden. Inthe garden, there are towering ancient trees, lots of strange rocks, wateraround the mountains, pavilions, pavilions and corridors. The landscape of thegarden under the moonlight is ever-changing, with a unique cave. Many Chineseand foreign tourists come here, looking for the past of green mountains, clearwaters and winding paths.
Prince Gong's residence, located in Qianhai West Street, was built in 1776& mdash; 1785. It was originally the private residence of He Li, a favoriteMinister of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. After he Li was killed in Jiaqing forcorruption, the private residence here was given to King Qing. During the reignof Tongzhi, because Prince Gong Yixin cooperated with Cixi to launch a coup,Empress Dowager Cixi gave the house to him and became Prince Gong'sresidence.
The hall of silver Luan is the main building of Prince Gong's residence. Asthe main hall of the palace, it can only be opened when there are importantevents and festivals, which plays a role of etiquette. In the early years of theRepublic of China, due to an accidental fire, the main hall was burned togetherwith the East and west side halls. Now the courtyard of yin'an hall isrebuilt.
The architecture in the period of Hetao. There is a plaque on the side ofJiale hall. It is suspected that the plaque was given to Hezhen by EmperorQianlong, but there is no money and seal on the plaque, so there is no reason toconfirm it. However, Hezhen has jialetang poetry anthology, which indicates thatit is the room name of Hezhen. In the period of Prince Gong, Jiale hall wasmainly used as the sacrificial place of the Royal Palace, where the tablets ofancestors and gods were offered, and Shamanism was the main ritual. PrinceGong's mansion covers an area of about 60000 square meters. It is divided intotwo parts: the mansion and the garden. It has more than 30 buildings of varioustypes, with exquisite layout and extraordinary style. Its garden, also known asjincui garden, has a high artistic level in layout and design. The gardenimitates the palace of peaceful longevity in the imperial palace. The park issurrounded by rockeries in the shape of "mountain". In the East, South and West,there are mounds of earth and stone. In the middle of the road, there are cavesand gullies made of Fangshan stone. The top platform becomes the highest pointof the whole garden. From a high position, you can see the whole garden. PrinceGong's mansion was rebuilt on the basis of the official's residence. Among the20 major crimes he convicted in that year, there was the problem of "potentialwaste and overstepping the system" about the decoration of the eaves. Forexample, the 13th section of the article "found that the house of he had a nanmuhall, and its multi box structure and partition doors and windows imitated thesystem of ningshou Palace";. Therefore, the decoration of the eaves of PrinceGong's residence is unique in the culture of Prince Gong's residence
1、 It has the highest specifications and can be compared with the palacebuildings
The decoration of the eaves of the main halls of Prince Gong's mansion isnot only duobaoge and partition, but also xianlou and the sacrificial stove withPilu hat in the temple. And has the indoor rockery pool, the decoration becomesthe indoor small garden, is ingenious.
2、 There are many forms
From the leitu, we can see that there were more than 20 buildings decoratedwith inner eaves in those years, and there were many types, such as taishibi,throne bed, blue gauze cabinet, sacrificial stove, Wanzi Kang, several legscover, floor cover, Kang cover, true and false door, xianlou, shuge, duobaoge,shunshan Kang, front and back eaves Kang, etc.
3、 Flexible demarcation and rich space:
The main halls of Prince Gong's mansion are composed of solemn and solemnopen space, private space, symmetrical space, asymmetric space and flexiblespace. Some are suitable to receive senior guests, some are used for Shamanismsacrificial activities, some are suitable for daily life, and some are used assleep, so different space needs are appropriate.
4、 Exquisite workmanship and superb skills:
It can be seen from the decoration remains of Prince Gong's mansion thathardwood is used. The processed wood can be made into small sections, and thecarving patterns are undulating accurately. Moreover, various kinds of wagonscan be made by using circles or curves. Only on the basis of fine processing canit be completed. The construction difficulty is amazing. Unfortunately, most ofthe original eaves decoration of Prince Gong's mansion has disappeared. Today,through the study of the culture of Prince Gong's mansion, we should furtherexcavate it, combine with the future exhibition requirements of the Museum ofPrince Gong's mansion, and reproduce the glory of that year.
In 1776, the 41st year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, He Lin began to buildhis luxurious house, which was called "he di";. It is said that during the reignof emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty, Li Guang, the great eunuch, was onceplaced here. On the third day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing,Emperor Hongli returned to heaven. On the next day, Jiaqing stripped theMinister of military aircraft and the governor of Jiumen from his home. It isestimated that his total wealth is about 800 million taels of silver, which isequivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for 15 years. Therefore,there is a saying that "when he falls, Jiaqing is satisfied.". On February 22,1799, on the 18th of the first month of the same year, he was ordered to commitsuicide;. The house itself, however, is owned by Prince Qingyu, his youngerbrother.
At the same time, Qianlong's daughter and Princess Xiao, who were marriedto the son of Hetao, still lived in half the house. In 1851, the first year ofXianfeng, Prince Gong Yi, an important political figure in the late QingDynasty, became the third generation owner of the house and changed its name toPrince Gong's house, which is still in use today. &"A Prince Gong's mansion,half of the history of Qing Dynasty" is the evaluation of Prince Gong's Mansionby Hou Renzhi, a historical geographer. In the early years of the Republic ofChina, the palace was sold to the church by Prince Gong's grandson Pu Wei for400000 yuan. Later, it was redeemed by Furen university with 108 gold bars andused as a school for girls. After the founding of new China, Wangfu has beenused by dormitories of the Ministry of public security, fan factories,conservatory of music and other units.
Prince Gong's mansion is the most complete preserved building complex inChina, which is divided into two parts: the mansion and the garden, with themansion in the front and the garden in the back. The opening of Prince Gong'sresidence was put on the agenda as early as 30 years ago. In 1975, Premier Zhouentrusted Gu Mu with three unfinished tasks in his hospital bed, one of whichwas the opening of Prince Gong's residence.
Prince Gong's residence was built in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of theQing Dynasty. It was the private residence of Heshi, a bachelor.
In the early years of Tongzhi, Yixin, the third generation of the hosthere, was the king of politics and the leader of the military plane. He was verypowerful and distinguished for a time. He built the mansion and renovated thepart of the mansion. It was at that time that the architectural scale andpattern of Prince Gong's mansion was finally formed.
The first half of Prince Gong's mansion is a magnificent mansion, and thesecond half is a deep and beautiful classical garden, covering an area of nearly60000 square meters. The mansion is dignified and solemn, simple and elegant,with bright corridors and ridges. It is second only to the imperial palace. Thecuijin garden at the back of the mansion is surrounded by water and mountains,with towering ancient trees, winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions.
According to the existing literature, in this Fengshui treasure land on theWest Bank of Qianhai in the capital, surrounded by "panlongshui", there was alarge-scale temple in the yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was full of incense andfull of visitors. Even the emperor came here to worship the Buddha. It was onlyin the middle of the 16th century that the temple was gradually abandoned andreduced to a supply factory of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty came toBeijing, a number of courtyards of different sizes were built here for ordinarybanners such as the house of internal affairs.
Around the 40th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, He Lin, who was red andpurple in front of the emperor, fell in love with this Fengshui treasure land,which is surrounded by water, connected to the western mountains, and not farfrom the emperor's home. He bought many properties here at a high price andbuilt them into famous "and" Di ";.
Prince Gong's residence is known as "half of the history of Qing Dynasty",which is closely related to the three generations of owners living here. As weall know, the first generation of government leader he Lu was a Zaifu and abachelor in the late Qianlong period. He was also a famous corrupt official inhistory. He attracted people's attention in the history of the Qing Dynasty, andthere were so many legends about him. In particular, his son, Fengshen Yin De,later married the youngest daughter of Emperor Qianlong, Gu Lun, and PrincessXiao, which made the mansion a real princess house for a while;
In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he Zhen died for his crime, so the emperorof Jiaqing gave the house to his younger brother Yongzhen, the king of Qingjun.Yongli is probably the most beloved of all the owners of this mansion. As earlyas when he Lin was in power, all the princes of Qianlong agreed that no matterwho became emperor in the future, he would be killed. But the 17th PrinceYonglin said: "no matter which elder brother becomes emperor in the future, Iwill be satisfied if he Lin's mansion is awarded to me!";
When it comes to Yongyao, many people are not familiar with him. But whenit comes to his grandson, Yizhe, the prince of Qing who signed the "Treaty ofsorrow and Disgrace" with Li Hongzhang and the Allied forces of the eightcountries, I'm afraid everyone knows about him. Yi Zhe is also a famous corruptofficial in modern Chinese history, but compared with the cowardly andincompetent Bailey in the late Qing Dynasty, he is still a man who dares to beresponsible and can entrust heavy responsibilities. Therefore, since the TongzhiDynasty, Yi zhe has been favored by Empress Dowager Cixi. Before Xianfengchanged his residence to Prince Gong, he lived here as a general of theauxiliary country.
As for Prince Gong Yixin, he was one of the most important politicalfigures in modern Chinese history. He participated in the second Opium War andalmost all the major political activities after it (1853-1898). During the"Xinyou coup", he helped Cixi to the throne of "hanging curtain to listen topolitics"; It is no exaggeration to say that without Yi Xin, the whole modernChinese history, and even the later Chinese history, would have beenrewritten.
If all things in the world are spiritual, then this beautiful buildingsurrounded by "panlongshui" is destined to be a miserable garden full of sadtemperament and ill fated from the day it was born.
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), after he was executed, EmperorJiaqing gave the west half of the mansion to his seventeen younger brotherYongyu, who only wanted to live in he's house but not in the emperor's seat. Thereason why they only gave him half of them was that the Emperor Qianlong's tenprincesses and their son-in-law, Fengshen Yinde, lived there at that time.
Princess Hexiao is the most legendary princess in the whole history of QingDynasty. Her biological mother is Wang's favorite concubine in the late years ofEmperor Qianlong. In the first month of Qianlong's 40th year, when the youngestdaughter came to the world, whose temperament and appearance all resembled herfather's, the emperor was already 65 years old. Although the ten princesses werewomen, they were born with divine power. They could open ten strong bows andoften rode with their father in hunting. As a result, Qianlong loved her morethan all his children. He sighed more than once: "if you are an elder brother,the throne will belong to you in the future!" indeed, the ten princesses werenot only excellent in martial arts, but also had an extraordinary mind. When hewas happy, his son-in-law relied on his father-in-law and behaved delicatelyEven though, the princess once sternly reprimanded him: "you, Amar, have beengracious to my father. You don't want to repay him, but you only know how totake bribes. I'm worried about you. On the day when my wealth is not guaranteed,even I will be affected by you“
Although the ten Princesses' words were unfortunately right, EmperorJiaqing still remembered his brother and sister's love and did not deprive himof the title of his younger sister husband. The princess and his wife stilllived in their original home. Therefore, the house was divided into two parts:QingWang's house in the West and princess's house in the East. It was not untilSeptember 1823, when the tenth Princess died, that the whole house came underthe name of QingWang. At that time, Yongyu had been dead for more than threeyears;
After 1911, according to the regulations of the government of the Republicof China on preferential treatment of Qing Dynasty, the palace became theprivate property of the owner. Later, because of the political turmoil and thedifficulties of livelihood, the posterity kings and grandchildren came intobeing one after another
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen:
I am very glad to serve as your guide today. You can call me Lily. Pleasekeep my name card at hand. f you have any trouble or lose your way, just callme. My number is here. I’ll do my best to serve for you.
Now we are in front of the Prince Gong’s Mansion. It was the residence ofHe Shen. He was the Prime Ministery and the Minister of Defence in the years ofQanlong, the most prosperous stage of Qing Dynasty. In1850s, the mansion wasbestowed on Prince Gong. Compared with the Forbidden City, it seems to be alittle less famous. Why we come here ? The answer is its first owner, He Shen,is a very famous person in Chinese history. Every Chinese knows him no matterthe kids or the old. There are even many novels, poems, movies and TV seriestelling his story. Why is he so well-known? Because he was the corruptestofficial in Chinese history. You can’t imagine how large amount of his graft is.The successive Emperor Jiaqing sentenced He′to death and took possession of histreasure. The money he left behind amounted to 4,000 tons of silver, equalingten years’ income of the national treasury. If you change it into US dollars, itis 520 billion! I wonder how he got so large amount of money in only one life.Certainly, he paid lots of manpowers and materials to build his own mansion. Itis the largest and the best preserved Prince Mansion in Beijing. As you see, thePalace Museum is grand, national and formal. I think this one is more personal.You can see another style of Chinese building . Now, let’s begin our wonderfulvisit. Follow me, please!
The gate you see is called Western Gate. Are you familiar with it? Yes, thearchitect learned something from Europe. Nowadays, it is very common to seethere are different kinds of styles coming from different countries in a garden.But in Qing Dynasty, the emperor didn’t want any communication with othercountries. So this kind of gate was really rare, at that time. There were onlythree Western Gates all over the country. One was this. The other two were bothin imperial garden.
Let’s enter the garden.. Can you smell the fresh air and sweet fragrance?It’s really comfortable. Pay attention to the thin stone, please. It is notartificial but natural. ts name is Joy Peak. In China, it’s tradition to put ahuge stone or screen in front of the gate. It can protect the good luck andwealth from flowing away and ward off evil spirits. It is still true today.Besides, because of its existence you can’t see the inner scene directly. You’llbe curious and have a strong desire to go in. But, this one has another specialfunction. Look at it using you imagination. What does it look like? (Here andhere)Yes ! It looks like a holy mother hugging her son. Even though He′had manywives, he still didn’t have a son in his middle age. He was so worried aboutthis until he found this stone. He expected it would bring him a son. It iswonderful that He′got the only son in his life the next year. What a happycoincidence!
After going around the stone, the Bat Pond comes into our view. It getsthis name because its shape was like a bat. Why he like such an animal? Evenmyself as a Chinese can’t understand this at first. IN most people’s mind, thisanimal represents something evil. Now I get the answer. In Chinese, thepronunciation of bat is…and the pronunciation of happiness is…They are the same!There are 9999 bats in the garden. This is one of the specialties of PrinceGong’s Mansion. Of course, they are not real, hey are pictures or symbols. Haveyou noticed the four elm trees around the pond? Do you feel them a littlestrange? Look! They all grow to the heart of the pond, Their branches are abovethe pond. As a result, when autumn comes, the fruit and leaves of them will dropinto the pond.
Are you confused? Why he built this? Of course, it has a further meaning.The shape of elm’s fruit and leaves is very similar with Chinese bronze coin.He′hinted his ambition to gather all the wealth in his own wallet. At last heactually got it. In addition, all the water in the mansion is circulating. Itwill keep fresh and clear all the year round. If you are careful enough, you mayfind that there are few rivers in Beijing. In ancient time, if you wanted ariver flow over your garden, you must get the emperor’s permission. So it is afairly great honor to have this. You can see how much the emperor appreciateHe′! You can go around to take photos here. It will bring you good luck andwealth because of the pong and the artificial hill. There is a great secretunder the hill. I will tell it to you after a while. Now, if you have anyquestion, ask me please! We will climb the hill after a quarter. Is that OK?
北京清，有十帝王的王子封了王位，有亲王、郡王封号的有七十个。
为了显示他们的特殊地位和便于管理，清王府一般都设在内城。
“铁帽王府”。清初对入关有功的8家王爵，封为世袭罔替，俗称“铁帽王”，他们的王府就叫铁帽王府，共有8处，5处在西城，三处在东城。
以后又封了几个铁帽王，共12个世袭罔替王爵。
北京有两个恭亲王，一个是顺治皇帝的第五子常宁，府址在今东四十条。
另一个是道光皇帝的第六子奕*，1852年将原庆王府转赐奕*，此处原是和珅宅，位于前海西街17号，这个恭王府是保护得最好的一个王府。
恭王府位于前海西街17号，是清规模最大的一座王府，据说恭王府总面积为一百多亩。相当于中山公园，这是至今保存最好的一座王府，曾是和珅的宅邸。
1996年10月起开放的只是恭王府的后花园，占地9亩，但其规模已经是非常可观的。
恭王府分中东西三路，分别由多过四合院组成，后为长160米的二层后罩楼。
恭王府假山，此假山是用糯米浆砌筑成的，非常坚固，山上置两口缸，缸底有管子通到假山上，通过往缸中灌水的办法来增加院中的湿度，过去整个假山上都长满了青苔。
假山正中有一康熙皇帝为其母祝寿写的“福”字碑，这是恭王府的“三绝”之一，碑石长7.9米，贯穿整修假山。
垂花门，因门上有两个倒垂的花卉而得名，门前的两棵龙瓜槐在和珅居住时就有，这种树比较珍贵。
垂花门内的牡丹院，院中有紫藤萝架。 院子正中造形呈蝙蝠形状的小湖。
在清的北京，往住宅中引入活水，是要经皇帝特批的，恭亲王府是少有的几个享此殊荣的王府之一。
西式门，据说在当时在北京只有3个。这也是恭王府的三绝之一，另一绝是戏楼和福字碑。
花院门内的假山石，起到影壁的作用， 名称为“独乐峰”。
嘉庆四年正月初三(1799年2月7日)太上皇弘历归天，次日嘉庆褫夺了和珅军机大臣、九门提督两职，抄了其家，估计全部财富约值白银八亿两，相当于国库十几年的总收入，所以有“和珅跌倒，嘉庆吃饱”的说法，2月22日和珅被“赐令自尽”。