不定代词是代词种类中相对复杂的一种,数量较多且很多词意思几乎相同但修饰不同类型的名词,因此学习者们很容易混淆使用,犯低级错误导致不必要的丢分。不定代词在各类考试中都是考查的重点,下面是勤劳的小编帮家人们收集的2篇不定代词的相关文章,希望对大家有所帮助。
不定代词概说
英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。
二,不定代词分三类 1,普通不定代词,如:some, any, 及由他们和one, body,thing等组成的复合不定代词someone,anyone,no one;something,anything,nothing;somebody, anybody, nobody,one ,none 。2个体不定代词,如all,every both each other another either neither half everybody,everyone,everything 3是数量化不定代词,如:many, much, few, little,(a) few, (a) little,a lot of, lots of.
三,不定代词既可指人也可指物,但其中由-body和-one构成的复合代词只能指人;而由-ing构成的复合代词以及修饰不可数名词的much (a)little 只能指物。
比如:There is much to do.有很多事情要做。(要做很多事情)
Someone will pay the bill.有人会付帐。
Can you do evrything carefully?
四,大多数不定代词都可以代替名词或形容词, 在句中作主语,宾语,定语和表语。
五、指两者和三者的不定代词
有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混:
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。
【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road.
三、复合不定代词的用法特点
复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点:
1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous?你见过名人吗?
2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:
Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。
3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:
Everything is ready, isn’t it?一切都准备好了,是吗?
4. 不定代词 anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写):
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
四、不定代词any与not连用——是any not 还是 not any
按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前:
误:Any one doesn’t know how to do it.
正:No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。
误:Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.
正:Nobody [No one] can do it. 这事谁也干不了。
误:Anything cannot prevent me from going.
正:Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。
五、不定代词与部分否定
不定代词all, both, every 等与 not 连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需换用 none, neither, no one等。比较:
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。
六、不定代词 all, both, each 等用作同位语
不定代词all, both, each 等若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词:
We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all 修饰的主语是代词)
The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了。(all 修饰的\\主语是名词)
They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说:They told the men all to wait there. (all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)
七、不定代词 so little 与 such little的区别
用 so little 还是 such little 取决于不定代词 little 的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用 so little;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用 such little:
He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。
I’ve never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。
八、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别
一般说来,不定代词 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any:
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?
Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?
Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?
【说明】不定代词 any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
九、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法区别
不定代词 many 和 much 都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对;而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中:
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰,也可用于肯定句中:
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。
You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
十、不定代词 few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别
1. 不定代词 few 和 a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。
2. little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似:
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately, I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱。
所谓“不定”,就是“不确定”“ 不明确”的意思,所以不定代词就是指不明确表示代替某特定名词或形容词的代词, 如someone 意为“某人”,something 意为“某事”或“某物”,many 表示“许多人”或“许多物”, a few 表示“几个人”或“几个事物”,等等。
1、普通不定代词
★ some 与any
一般说来, some 用于肯定句中, any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如:
① 肯定句: He asked some questions. 他问了一些问题。
② 否定句: He didn't ask any questions. 他没有问任何问题。
③ 疑问句: Did he ask any questions? 他问了些问题没有?
但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,希望对方的肯定回答,通常要用some 而不用any 。如:
① Shall I get some for you? 要我帮你拿些来吗?
② Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some?
既然你有那么多,为什么不给她一些呢?
any 有时也用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思。如:
Any of these may suit you. 这些中间的任何一个都可能适合你。
另外,汉语可说“任何⋯⋯都不”,但英语不能说any⋯not 。因为按英语习惯, any 总是要出现在否定词not 的后面,而不能出现在它的前面。如:
我想任何学生都回答不了这个问题。
正: I don't think any student can answer this question.
正: I think no student can answer this question.
误: I th ink any student can't answer this question.
第一句用的是not ⋯any,故正确;第二句用的是no,相当于not ⋯any,也正确;第三句用的是any⋯not ,就错了。
★ many 与much
两者意思相同,都表示“许多”,但用法不同, many 用于修饰或代替可数名词;而much 用于修饰或代替不可数名词。如:
① Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴风雨中许多树倒了。
② Much money has been wasted that way. 很多钱都这样浪费了。
★ few, a few 与little, a little
① He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
② There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
③ There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
④ This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那本书难一点。
★ all 与both
all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修饰可数名词也可代替和修饰不可数名词。
both 指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。
① Both of my parents like sports. 我的父母都喜欢运动。
② All of us should work hard. 我们都应努力工作。
★ either 与neither
either 意思是“两个中间的任何一个”; neither 意思是“两个都不”。
① He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信。
② --Will you go there by bus or by car?
–Neither . I will go there by train.
你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。
★ another,the other
① the other 指两个人或物中的一个。
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker .
他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。
② another 指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。
2、复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no 后接thing, one, body 等构成的一类代词。
★ 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。
I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你们。
★ 复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。
Someone has just come to see you. 有个人刚刚来看你。
There's nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
★ 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词, 如everybody, nobody, anyone 等时, 其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 当句子主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everthing, anything,something, nothing 等时,其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词it 。
Everybody is here, aren't they? Everything is ready, isn't it?
★ everyone 的意思等同于everybody, 只能指人; every one 既可指人也可指物。
I'd like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。
I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存下来。