下面是编辑帮大家分享的初中英语句型(人教版中考复习英语教案教学设计（优秀7篇），欢迎借鉴，希望能够帮助到大家。
61. From the passage, we can infer that the leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall is because______.
A. the top of the tower is heavier than its bottom
B. the bottom of the tower is not heavier than its top
C. its center of gravity is still above the line of its bottom
D. its center of gravity is not above the line of its bottom
T: 文中说This empty box must fall over, because its center of gravity (c) is not over the line of its bottom(AB)
-----It will not fall, because its center of gravity is above its bottom.从中我们可以得知答案。做这种题时要注意，我们应该站在作者的立场上分析问题，去揣摩作者的意图，切忌根与自己的观点或者社会经验去推测。
3．猜测词义题。
卷子上有一道猜测词义的题，你作对了吗？
S: 没有。
T: 没关系，下面我给大家介绍几种猜词技巧，大家一边听我讲，一边听一边看一下观灯片上的句子。
(1)构词法。A.The room is uncomfortable to live in. 我们都能理解由comfort→comfortable→uncomfortable
的变化过程。平时大家就应该增强对各种词缀的敏感程度，在阅读中灵活运用构词法猜测词义。
（2）根据定义猜测词义。
b. A calendar is a list of days, weeks, months of a particular year.
c. Mary is indecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind.
d. He needs a conditioner, a system that keep air in a place cool and warm.
咱们试着猜一下划线词的意思吧！
S7: calendar 日历
S8: indecisive 优柔寡断的
S9: conditioner 空调
T: Very good.
(3) 根据下句对上句的理解。
e. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.
S10: resolute 坚定的，果敢的
（4）根据常识猜
f. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
S11: 我知道，划线词是门楣，横木的意思。
T: 还有一种是：
（5）借助词与词关联猜测词义。
g. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.
根据other diseases 我们不难知道 glaucoma 肯定是眼病的一种
T: 最后一种
（6）对比关系和因果关系
h. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.
S12: 我知道，dissented 不同意
i. He was not frugal since he spent money so freely.
S: 我猜到了，frugal 节俭的
T；卷子上72题就用这种猜测方法。
72．The underlined word “cosy”(in the first paragraph) means”_____”
A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark
原文中“Although the inside of the boat is very cosy , it has no running water or electricity.”很明显although是一个转折连词，前后两个分句的意思是相反的，it has no running water or electricity 说的是缺点，although 所引导的分句中cosy 必定是一个褒义词。 几个选项中只有C选项符合。
T: 4 细节理解。从文章中找到相应词句作为依据，弄清细节，获得准确信息。
细节题中有排序、图表型，正误型等。
排序题的技巧在于对比所给几个选项的特点，而后对比关键项，利用排除法得出答案。例如：C篇64 题
64．Which is the correct order according to the story?
a. The girl took a lift back in her monitor’s car .
b. The girl went to see a film with her schoolmates
c. The girl wrote a diary to her mother.
d. The mother pretended to be watching TV.
e. The mother worried about her daughter’s returning late
A. b, e, a, d, c B. e, b, a, d, d C. b, a, e, d, c D. b, e, a, c, d
大家试着用这种方法找一下答案。
S：选A
T: 对。图表型的题关键在于把文章内容与图表内容挂钩。B篇的60题是一个很好的例子。至于正误题，我们一定要看清人家问的是true or not true 以免犯不必要的错误。
Step 4 Summary and homework(3minutes)
T: Today we discuss the basic strategies and some specific skills about reading, which are very useful. Do you think so ? Yes. Today’s homework is another piece of paper for you to train your reading skills we learnt together today.
附录：阅读原文。
（A）
This is the story about the well-known millionaire. D.Rockefeller, and was told by a friend of his. This friend said that though Rockefeller gave away millions, he was very mean.(吝啬) about small sums of money.
One day he went to stay at a hotel in New York and asked for the cheapest room they had. Rockefeller said, “What is the price of the room?” The manager told him the price of the room.
“Is that the lowest priced room you have? I am staying at this hotel by myself and only need a small room.”
The manager said, “That room is the smallest and cheapest we have,” and added, “but why do you choose a poor room like that? When your son stays here, he always has our most expensive room: yours is our cheapest.”
“Yes”, said D.Rockefeller, “but his father is a wealthy man while mine isn’t.”
56. D.Rockefeller decided to have the cheapest room because__________.
A. He wanted to set an example to his son. B. He tried to save some money
C. His father was not a millionaire D. He hadn’t enough money to spend on himself
57. Which of the following puzzled the manager?
A. D. Rockefeller asked for the smallest and cheapest room
B. D. Rockefeller was so mean about money
C. D. Rockefeller was used to living the simplest life.
D. D. Rockefeller asked for the cheapest room while his son asked for the most expensive one.
58. What do you know about D. Rockefeller?
A. He was unwilling to spend much money on himself
B. He spoil（姑息）his son on purpose.
C. He was very strict with his son.
D. He didn’t care about what his son had done.
59.What do you know about D,Rockefeller?
A. He had nothing to do but enjoy himself.
B. His ideas about life were different from his father’s
C. He was the most wealthy man.
D. He felt satisfied with life.
(B)
Every object has weight. But the center of its weight is not always in the middle of the object. If the top of an object is heavier than its bottom, it will fall over easily. We say that its center of gravity(引力) is high. But if the bottom is heavier, it won’t fall easily. Then we say that its center of gravity is low.
Look at the first picture. This empty box must fall over, because its center of gravity(C) is not over the line of its bottom(AB).
Now look at the second picture. There is some heavy iron at the bottom of this box. It will not fall, because its center of gravity is above its bottom.
60. Please point out which box will not fall.
61. From the passage, we can infer that the leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall is because________.
A. the top of the tower is heavier than its bottom
B. the bottom of the tower is not heavier than its top
C. its center of gravity is still above the line of its bottom
D. its center of gravity is not above the line of it bottom
62. If an object has a low center of gravity,_______.
A. it won’t fall B. it won’t fall easily C. it is certain to fall over D. its top must be heavier
63. The passage is mainly about__________.
A. why things fall over B, a low center of gravity C. a high center of gravity D. that everything has weight
( C )
She is a cute (聪明的), quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But recently she has become somewhat mysterious (神秘的)，not so open as her: what if she falls in love, which is too early for a girl of her age. After all, she is reaching the “dangerous stage”。 These thoughts have causes trouble in the mother’ mind.
One weekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmates and would return late. This was the first time her mother had agreed , and she couldn’t help worrying because her daughter had never away at night before. The mother waited till nine and her uneasiness(不安) got the upper hand over her. She decided to go out to meet her daughter. Just at that moment the noise of a car pulling up drew her to the window and ------there was her daughter, waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, pretending nothing had happened. “Mum, I’m back.” “Yeah.” “Sorry to be late. Still sitting up?” “Yes, Oh, that… Who’s that boy? “The daughter was stunned (发愣) for a moment. “Ah. It’s my monitor. He gave a lift on his way home. Mum, I’m going to bed”。 All right. Go to sleep early.”
Next morning, when the mother went to the daughter’s room to do some tidying, she found her diary left at her pillow. After a few minutes’ hesitation(犹豫) she finally opened it to the entry of the night before. It read: Mum, it was love that make you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn’t.
Holding the diary, the mother fell in thought.
64. Which is the correct order according to the story?
a. The girl took a lift back in her monitor’ car.
b. The girl went to see a film with her schoolmates
c. The girl wrote a diary to her mother.
d. The mother pretended to be watching TV
e. The mother worried about her daughter’s returning late
A. b, e, a, d, c B, e, b, a, d, c C. b, a, e, d, c D. b, e, a, c, d
65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the story?
A. The girl knew her mother would ask her the questions about the boy.
B. What the girl did recently worried her mother.
C. The mother was eager to read her daughter’ diary the next day.
D. The girl’ diary was always unlocked.
66. From the diary, we can see the girl _____________.
A. thanked her mother for asking her B. thought her mother cared about her very much
C. thought it was her mother’s duty to asked her. D. thought understanding is better than simple love.
67. The main purpose of this article is to show that parents should_______.
A. care about what their children really think and how they feel
B. not give much freedom to their children.
C. Talk with their children about their early love.
D. Keep silent about their children’s privacy
68. Which can be the best title for this story?
A . Mother’ True Love B. Early love between Students
C. To Ask or Not to Ask D. Dangerous Age
( D )
Want to watch some performances during the holiday? Here are some from “What’s on”, China Daily”
Russian folk （民间） dance
The Moiseyey Dance Company will put on three performances in Beijing.
The company was set up in 1937 and has visited more than 60 countries on all continents, including 10 visits to the United States. The folk dances of the show will include 13 programmes of different styles. They include dances from Russia, Greece, Argentina, Egypt, China and many other countries.
Time :7:30pm, January 31～February2
Place: Century Theatre, 40 Liangmaqiaolu,
Chaoyang District (区域)
Tel: 6466-0032
Children’s song and dance
China Children’s Hand-in-Hand Art Troupe(剧团) will present two performances
The troupe has branches in 17 major Chinese cities. This time, 280 children from 14 cities and provinces will perform.
Programmes include songs and dances of different regions( 地区) and nationalities.
Time:2pm, 7pm, January 22
Place: China Children’s Theatre, 64 Donghuamen Dajie, Dongcheng District.
Tel:6524-1831
Classic dialogues
Some top Chinese performers will gather to recite (朗诵) famous dialogues from Chinese and foreign dramas and films.
The scenes are taken from classics like “Qu Yuan”, “ Thunder-storm”。 Other dialogues are from films such as “Jane Eyre”
Time:7:30pm, January22～23
Place: Zhongshan Music Hall, Zhongshan Park, west of Tian An Men
Tel:6842-2653
69. From” What’s on “, we know that the Moiseyev Dance Company will performances________.
A. famous Russian folk dances only
B. dances of different styles from different countries
C. European and Chinese dances
D. American and Chinese dances
70. If you are a teacher and want to organize your pupils (under 10) to enjoy performance, _____may be useful.
A. 6466-0032 B. 6524-1831 C.6842-2653 D.6510-1309
71. If you’ re interested in recitation, don’t miss the chance to go to _________.
A. Zhongshan Music Hall B. China Chidren’s Theatre
C. Century Theatre D. Chang’an Grand Theatre
( E)
Sixty-year-old grandmother, Fiona Mcfee, is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat. Although the inside of the boat is very cosy, it has no running water or electricity. Fiona says she can live without these things but she plans to take her small CD player, her hot water bottle and a bag of books to make sure life isn’t too uncomfortable.
We asked her if she was afraid of being at sea for so long. She said, “ Well, I’m going to take a good compass(指南针)。 Anyway I ‘m not afraid of death because I love the sea---- I just hope it loves me.” Friona certainly has plenty of energy; in her spare time , she enjoys playing the piano, rock-climbing , canoeing and dancing. Although she is sixty, she doesn’t want to have a quiet and peaceful life. “ I’m looking forward to having fun in the rest of my life and that’s exactly why I’d like to be a sailor for a while.
72. The underlined word “cosy” ( in the first paragraph) means”________”
A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark
73. When Fiona Mcfee said “I just hope it loves me”, she meant “_________”
A. Of course, it loves me , since I love it.
B. If I love it , it should love me.
C. I hope it will bring me a safe sailing as a return for my love of it.
D. I hope it will save my life when I am in time of danger.
74. What kind of person do you think the old woman is ?
A. Someone who doesn’t know how she is feeling.
B. Someone who is very proud and sure of her success
C. Someone who does’t ues her head much.
D. Someone who is open, honest and brave
75. The best title for this passage is __________.
A. Life Begins at Sixty B. A Round Coast Sail
C. An Old Woman Sailor D. An Unusual Hobby
Suggested Answer:56-59 BDAB 60-63 CCBA 64-68 ABDAC 69-71 BBA 72-75 CCDA
一、以形式主语it引导的句型。
句型1. It happened（chanced）that +clause. = sb. happened /chanced sth. =sb.did sth. by chance. 如：
It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。＝He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.
句型2、It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done 如：（还有动词appear可这样使用）
It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.好像你以去过北京。＝He seemed to have been Beijing before.
句型3. It is / was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分。如：
It wasn’t until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型谓语动词否定的转移，及形式)。
It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school today.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。（只能用because而不能用for, as 或since）
It is I who am a student. 我确实是个学生。（句中am不能用are来代替。）
句型4、It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主语＋should do / did+其它。（注意从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气）
It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。
句型5、It is / was said ( reported…)＋that+从句。 如：
It was said that he had read this novel.据说他读过这篇小说。＝He was said to have read this novel.
句型6、It is impossible / necessary/ strange…that clause.(从句中的谓语用should＋do / should have done，其形式是虚拟语气。)如：
It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他这次考试没有及格。
句型7、It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.(注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式，但should可以省略。)如：
He didn’t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. 他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜。
句型8、It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.(从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略。)如：
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议推迟会议。
句型9、It is/was＋表示地点的名词＋where+从句。（注意本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句。）如：
It was this house where I was born.请比较：It was in this house that I was born.(后一句是强调句型。)
句型10、It is / was +表示时间的名词＋when+从句。（注意本句型也不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句。）如：
It was when he came back from the United States. 请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.
句型11、It is well-known that＋从句。如：
It is well-known that she is a learned woman.众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女。
句型12、It is +段时间＋since+主语＋did. 请比较：
It was +段时间＋since+主语＋had done. 如：
It is five years since he left here.他已经离开这儿五年了。
It was five years since he left here.（同上）
句型13、It +谓语＋段时间＋before+主语＋谓语。（ before引导的是时间状语从句。） 如：
It wasn’t long before the people in that country rose up.没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。
It will be three hours before he comes back.三个小时之后他才能回来。
句型14、It is +形容词＋for+ sb.+ to do. 如：
It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的。
句型15、It is +（心理品质方面的）形容词＋of + sb. +to do.=
主语+ be +形容词＋to do.(常用的形容词有：kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等。)如：
It is kind of you to help me.＝You are kind to help me.你真好给我提供了帮助。
二、定语从句：
句型16、由as引导的非限定性的定语从句。如：
As we have known, he is a most good student.众所周知，他是个很好的学生。请比较：It is well-known that he is a most good student.（前一个是定语从句，而后者是个主语从句。）
句型17、由which引导的非限定性的定语从句。如：
He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming. 他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职业。（因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词，因此引导词用which，而不用who。（注意：关于which和as之间的比较请看语法的定语从句部分。）
句型18、由where, when引导的定语从句（其中包括限定性的或非限定性的。）如：
This is the house where I used to come.请比较：This is the house which / that I used to come to.
This is the day when I joined the Party.请比较：This is the day which / that I joined the Party on.
说明：关于that与which之间的区别，请看语法中的定语从句。
三、让步状语从句
句型19、No matter what / which / who / where / when / whose＋从句，＋主句。注意从句中的时态一般情况用一般现在时态。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well.请比较：Whatever you do, you must do it well. 无论你做什么，一定要做好。
No matter where you go, please let me know.请比较：Wherever you go, please let me know.你无论去哪儿，请通知我。
说明：这两种句型形式不同，而意义完全相同。
注意：I will tell whoever would like to read it. 句中的whoever不能用whomever来代替。因为它即作动词tell的宾语，又作后面从句的主语。
四、条件状语从句
句型20、When / So long as / As long as / Once +从句，＋主句。（从句也可以放在主句之后。）如：
As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。
Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well. 一旦你开始学习英语，你应该把它学好。
句型21、主句＋on condition that+从句。如：
I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱。
句型22、主句＋unless+从句。(注意：由于unless本身是否定词，所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定。)如：
I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.我明天去那儿除非下雨。
句型23、祈使句，＋and/ and then+主句。（注意：祈使句也可用一个名词短语。）如：
Use your head, and you will find a good idea.动脑筋想一想，你就会想出一个好主意。
Another word, and I will beat you.你再说一句，我就揍你。
句型24、If +necessary / impossible/ important等，＋主句。如：
If necessary, I will do it. 如果有必要的话，我来做此事。
五、原因状语从句
句型25、主句＋in case+从句。（in case表示以免）如：
I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨。
句型26、主句＋due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +从句。如：
He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.由于他有病了，所以没有来上学。
六、时间状语从句
句型27、When / While / As +从句，＋主句。（关于它们之间的区别请看语法。）如：
When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.当我在农村时，我常常给你打水。
句型28、主句＋after / before +从句。 如：
They hadn’t been married four months before they were devoiced.他们绘结婚不到四个月就离婚了。
We went home after we had finished the work.我们做完此工作就回家了。
句型29、主语＋肯定谓语＋until＋从句（或时间）.请比较：
主语＋否定谓语＋until+从句。如：
I worked until he came back.我一直工作到他回来。
I didn’t worked until he came back.他回来我才开始工作。
句型30、As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +从句，＋主句。 如：
My father went out immediately I got home.我一到家，我父亲就出去了。
句型31、No sooner +had + 主语＋done…than +主语＋did. 请比较：
主语＋had + no sooner +done…than +主语＋did. 如：
No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.我一到北京就给你打电话了。
I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you.
句型32、Hardly +had +主语＋done…when / before + 主语＋did.请比较：主语＋had +hardly + done…when / before +主语＋did.
Hardly had she had supper when she went out. 她一吃完晚饭就出去了。
She had hardly had supper when she went out.
句型33、By the time+从句，＋主句。（注意时态的变化。）如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完了这本书。
By the time you come back, I will have finished this book.到你回来时，我将写完这本书。
句型34、each / every time +从句，＋主句。 (这时相当于whenever 或no matter when引导的从句。从句也可放在主句之后。)如：
Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.每当他来哈尔滨，总是随便来看看我。
七、地点状语从句
句型35、Where +从句，＋主句。 如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.哪里没有雨水，种庄稼是很难的或者是不可能的。
句型36、Anywhere / wherever+从句，＋主句。 如：
Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.无论我去哪儿，我的妻子也去哪儿。
I will go wherever you suggest.你建议我去哪儿，我就去哪儿。
八、目的状语从句
句型37、主句＋in order that / so that +从句。如：
I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。
句型38、主句＋for+sb. +to do.（注意动词不定式复合结构在这儿作目的状语。）如：
He came here for me to work out this problem.他来这儿叫我帮他解出这道难题。
九、结果状语从句
句型39、主句＋so that+从句。 如：
It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气很泠，因此河水结冰了。
句型40、So+形容词/ 副词＋特定动词＋主语＋…＋that+从句。
So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.这本书那么有趣，我想再读一遍。
句型41、主语＋谓语＋such+名词＋that+从句。如：
He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.他进步很快，老师表扬了他。
句型42、Such was + 主语＋that +从句。(这是个完全倒装句。)如：
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸力这么大，所有的窗户都被震碎了。
十、比较状语从句
句型43、The +形容词比较级……，（主句）the +形容词比较级＋……如：
The sooner you do it, the better it will be.越早越好。
句型44、主语＋谓语＋as +形容词原级＋as +被比较的对象。 如：
He is as busy as a bee.他非常忙。
句型45、主语＋谓语＋the＋形容词比较级＋of / between …
He is the taller of the two.他们俩人中他高。
句型46、主语＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋被比较的对象。如：
This room is three times as large as that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。（这个房间比那个房间大两倍。）
句型47、主语＋谓语＋百分数/倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋被比较的对象。如：
This city is twice larger than ours.这个城市比我们城市大两倍。
The early rice output in that commune was 200% more than that of .那个公社的早稻产量是的两倍。
句型48、主语＋谓语＋the size / length/ width/ height +of +被比较的对象。如：
Our building is twice the height of yours.我们的大楼比你们的高两倍。
十一、其它句型
句型49、It doesn’t matter wh-+从句。如：
It doesn’t matter to me what you will do tomorrow.你明天做什么与我无关。
It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.你来不来无关紧要。
句型50、形容词/ 副词 / 名词（可数单数）+as / though +主语＋谓语，＋主句。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他很小，但他知道得很多。
Hard he works, I am sure that he can’t pass this exam.虽然他学习很努力，这次考试他肯定不能及格。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。
句型51、Were / Should / Had +主语＋谓语，＋主句。如
Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了。
句型52、Only +状语＋特定动词＋主语＋谓语…
Only by this means can I do this work well.只有用那种方式我才能做好此工作。
Only because he was ill did he not come to school.只因为他有病了才没有来上学。
Only then did I realize that I had been wrong.只有那时，我才认识到我错了。
句型53、Not only +特定动词＋主语＋谓语…but also+主语＋谓语…
Not only did he learned English well but also he spoke French very well. 他不但英语学得好，而且法语讲得很流利。
句型54、whether….or…, neither…nor…, either…or…
句型55、主语＋doubt＋whether + 从句。 请比较：
主语＋特定否定词＋doubt＋that＋从句。 如：
I don’t doubt that he will come this afternoon.我确信他下午一定能来。
书面表达解题指导
一、审题
由于每年的高考书面表达均采用提示性写作，故属于控制性作文。它对写作目的、对象、体裁、内容等作了规定熕以，认真审题，必须做好三方面的工作： 1．审文体；2．审要求；3．审人称。
1． 审文体
写作前，首先要弄清要求写何种体裁的文章，然后再考虑语言、语气的选用，是用口头语还是用书面语。一般地，记叙文、说明文、议论文等多用书面语；而应用文，如书信、口头通知、便条、日记等多用口头语。所以，动笔前，一定要审好文体。
2． 审要求
动笔前，花几分钟时间，弄清题目提示的内容、要求（即注意事项）、时间、环境是非常必要的。这样可以避免出现文不对题的离题现象，也可避免因反复而造成时间上的浪费。
3． 审人称
审人称，即弄清楚书面表达要求用何种人称。如：京皖蒙春季高考书面表达（写书信）要求用第一人称（we），有的同学却用了第三人称，以致白白失掉了许多分。又如：NMET书面表达亦要求用第一人称来写书信。因此，确立人称是审题必不可少的工作之一。
二、紧扣要点
写作时，一定要切题，抓住中心，紧扣要点。题目要求的内容都应该写进去，以保证内容的完整。
1． 列要点
为了防止在写作过程中遗漏要点，情景中给出的各个要点都要逐条列出。给出汉语提示和要求的，要点可能容易找出；以图画（表）为内容的提示，可能稍难确定，但只要充分发挥自己的观察力，就能正确识图（表）以确定正确的要点。其次，还须加上图画（表）以外的汉语提示要点。
2． 紧扣要点，连词成句
同学们应根据内容要求，确定句子的主语和谓语的形式来连词成句。主语和谓语在人称和数上要一致；要正确使用动词的时态和语态。力求正确地使用词语以及地道、现成的英语句型。这就要求同学们平时要大量阅读典型的范文和英语习作。
3． 紧扣要点，连句成篇
首先，文章的组织包括叙述的顺序、各句之间的逻辑关系、过渡词的正确使用及格式的规范。
叙述的顺序一般是由总体到细节或按时间顺序而定。格式的规范只要稍加注意形成习惯即可。为使文章主题突出、行文流畅、语言优美，应注意上下文逻辑关系的确定和过渡词的适当使用，这对提高整篇文章的档次至关重要。为使文章连贯、自然、流畅，平时训练时，要注意运用并掌握一些表示并列、递进、转折等的过渡词。
其次，句子结构的好坏直接影响意义的表达和文章的质量。
句子结构实际上是要求学生用英文思维，排除中文的干扰。尽量使用简单句，在有把握的情况下，可以使用一些结构较复杂的句子，如使用定语从句、状语从句等。 如果遇到较难的词汇，可采用变通的办法化难为易，化繁为简。有时也可适当发挥，增减相关细节。
只要同学们平时多多练习，并注意运用上述方法和技巧，考试时就一定会写出让阅卷老师满意的、高质量的短文。
英语作文的过程
英语作文是英语综合能力的运用，写作前学 生必须具有初步的写作基础，如基本语法知 识，一定数量
的词汇和正确使用标点符号的 能力等。英语作文要求学生除了具备这些基 本能力外，还应该了解作文的过
程和方式。
一、作文的过程 一般说来，作文的过程需经过审题，收集材 料，列出提纲，扩展成文，检查修改和
定稿 这几个阶段。
1．审题 审题是作文的第一步，只有审清题意，才能 按照题意构思具体内容。 审题就是要把握住题
目的中心和范围，确定 文章的体裁，找出文章的主题。如果审题不 当或对题意理解不全面，就会偏题跑题
，甚 至文不对题。以致全功尽弃。 目前高考中常见的是引导式写作题型。题中 的提示语是帮助理解题意
的重要指导，不能 逐字英译，而要按照提示语的规定和暗示进 行扩展引伸，增添细节，构思具体内容。
另外，还应注意作文要求限定的字数，做到 大致相当。字数太少，会辞不达意，言之无 物；字数太多，表
明文章不够简炼，或是把 不必要写的东西写了进去。
2．收集材料 题目审好后，就可根据题目规定的写作对象 和内容范围进行构思和收集材料。构思时要
注意尽可能地抓住要点，不要溢出题外。如 写“Television”就不要把newspaper的内 容也考虑进去，写
“My School”,则不要把 my family也了拉扯进去。在一篇字数有限 的短文里，在收集材料，进行构思的
阶段更 应该严密地防止出现离题偏题的现象。 在构思的同时，我们最好能把可以想到的与 主题有关的素
材记在纸上。譬如要写一篇题 为“My Mother”的作文，我们可能会想到 以下的内容。
(1) Mother's name, age and appearance
(2) Her personality
(3) Her past and present
(4) Her wish
(5) She and my father
(6) Her daily life and her attitude towards life
(7) Her profession and her attitude towards her work
(8) Good neighbourhood
(9) Her kindnesses to her child and to the others
(10) My deep love for her
这些材料还需要加以选择，将那些与主题无关或 关系不紧密的内容删去；对保留下来有用的素材 予以
进一步的整理与归纳，为列提纲作好准备。
3．列出提纲 把有关的材料整理好以后，我们就可以按照一定 的逻辑次序把它们组织起来，分别放进
确定的几个段落中去，列提纲。如“My Mother”一文的 提纲可以被列成下面这种样式：
(1) Introduction-my mother is the loveliest person
(2) About her age and appearance
(3) Mother as an outstanding worker
(4) Mother at home
(5) Her relationship with other people
(6) Conclusion-I am proud of my mother 如果文章较复杂，提纲还可以列得更细，在每 个大标题
下面各还可以列出几个小标题。
4．扩展成文 列好提纲后，我们就可以扩充内容，将提纲发 展成文章。动笔之前，应先考虑好如何开
头， 如何发展，如何结尾。开头和结束应力求简单 扼要，正文应具体面充实地表现主题。臂如根 据上例
中的提纲，我们就可以写成下面这样； 篇作文：
My Mother
My mother is the loveliest person in the world. She loves me very much and is always kind
and gentle. She is now 44 years old. As she has been busy ever since she was young, she looks
older than she really is. She is beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes and her black hair
is going grey.
My mother is an old outstanding worker in her factory. She often goes to work early and
comes home late. She takes pains to do her work and achieves big successes at her ordinary
post. Because of this, she is often praised as an advanced worker.
My mother is also a good housekeeper. She saves every penny that she can and keep the
house in good order. She is always busy with this or that, and nobody ever sees her idle. She
has too much to do in bringing me up, yet she never makes a complaint.
My mother is kind not only to her own child, but to all other people. She is warm-hearted
and likes to help anyone who is in trouble. She takes delight in doing good deeds for the
people. It is natural for her to get on well with all our neighbours. My mother is liked and
respected by all woh know her. I always think how fortunate I am to have such a good mother.
5．检查修改和定稿 检查修改是写作的一个步骤，因此也是不可忽视 的。文章即使写得很流畅完美，
初稿中也难免会 有拼写、标点方面的错误，因此写好初稿后一定 要反复修改。 文章的修改可以从文章的
文字规范和文章的结构 商方面着手，下面列出的是文章检查时所必须注 意的要点：
(1)句于和段落是否围绕文章主题？
(2)内容和情景是否遗漏？
(3)文章内容的陈述与主张是否合乎逻辑情理？
(4)是否为说明文章主题而列举了一定的事实根 据？
(5)文章内容的层次是否有条理？是否还需要重新 组合？
(6)段落的过渡转换是否清楚自然？
(7)文章是否罗嗦重复？句型是否单调呆板？
(8)用词是否准确、丰富？
(9)文章是否简洁明晰？
(10)句子是否缺少必要的成分？
(11)主语和动词是否配合恰当？动词和名词有否漏掉“s”?
(12)各句的时态是否保持一致？
(13)在语态上，主动和被动是否有混淆？
(14)单词拼写、大小写和标点是否正确？ 笔迹是否清楚？ 在文章交出之前，不要放松任何修改的机会。
经 过多次完善修改，文章就可以定稿了。仔细抄写 后，还要小心地重读几遍，看看有无误抄之处
如何增加书面表达醒目性
近年来高考英语书面表达采用新标准阅卷，要求考生采用一些高级表达方式来增加文章对读者的吸引力即醒目性，使文章具有一道道亮丽的风景，具有较强的美感。本文拟就如何采用一些好学易用、即学即效的高级表达方式来增强文章的醒目性谈谈自己的看法，以期取得举一反三、触类旁通的效果。
一、写好开篇交待句和末尾总结句，增强文章的照应性。
照应是增强文章可读性的重要环节，写好开篇交待句和结尾总结句，做到首尾呼应，前后相连，可以大幅度增强文章的照应性、逻辑性和可读性。
写开篇交待句时因全文尚未铺开，详细内容尚未介绍，因此可写得笼统一些，但结尾总结句是在全文详细内容介绍后作出的总结，应更具体一点。
如人物介绍式书面表达开篇交待句可笼统写成：Li Ping is a middle school student．末尾总结句则应较为详细地写成：Such is Li Ping，a clever and kind boy．单位介绍式书面表达开篇交待句可笼统写成：Our school is a large one．末尾总结句应较为详细地写成：Such is our school，a famous and successful one．
二、写好常识性语句，增强文章的连贯性。
不少书面表达需要使用常识性语句，这些语句虽然原材料中没有反映，但仍很重要，它们既是重要内容，又起着承上启下的作用，对增强文章的可读性很有好处。如在写通知时，结尾部分可使用常识性语句“Don't forget the time and address．”，“I'm sure you'll have a lot of fun．”或“I'm sure you'll have a pleasant time．”，“That's all，thank you．”；写参观欢迎词时，开头部分可使用常识性语句“You're welcome to visit our city．”，“Now，let me tell you something about our school．”或“Let me introduce something about our school to you．”，结尾部分可用“I'm sure you'll have a pleasant journey．”，“That's all，thank you．”；写人物介绍和单位介绍时，开头部分可使用常识性语句“Now，I 'd like to introduce something about our school ／Li Ping to you．”，介绍结束时可用“That's all，thank you．”；写信时可在结尾部分使用常识性语句“Please give my best regards ／love ／wishes to your parents．”或“Remember me to your parents！”，“I hope to hear from you soon．”或“Waiting for your early reply．”等。
三、巧用过渡性词汇，增强文章的逻辑性。
为了增强文章的逻辑性，同学们应学会使用过渡性词汇，因为过渡性词汇可使文章结构更紧凑，上下文更连贯，逻辑性、可读性更强。同学们除了掌握足够的表示各种逻辑关系的连词之外，还应特别注意使用表示因果关系的thanks to（多亏了），as a result（of）（结果），表示并列关系的as well（as）（和），表示对称关系的on one hand．．．on the other hand（一方面，另一方面），表递进关系的 what's more（更何况），what's worse或worse than all，worse than ever，worse still，to make the matter worse（更糟糕的是），以及过渡性插入语As we all know（众所周知），As far as I know（就我所知的而言），I'm sure（我确信），I'm afraid（恐怕）。这些过渡性词汇使用场合十分广阔，使用前景十分看好，只要同学们掌握其使用特点，并增强其使用意识，在绝大多数场合都可以有选择性地将其派上用场，从而为增加书面表达得分起到立竿见影的作用。
四、巧用高级语法，提高文章的表达档次。
高考英语书面表达最高要求就是要求考生用一些高级语法来提高文章的档次，提升文章的品位。当然，高考英语书面表达还不算是完整的文章，还只是写作片段，不需要同学们挖空心思，一味追求新、奇、难的语法。同学们应掌握一些表达效果好、使用场合广、操作简便易行的较高级语法，如现在分词作句首状语或句末状语，强调句、感叹句、with复合宾语句型、such as列举句型、Such be总结句型等。这些句型相对简单易学，表达效果也不错，更重要的是，只要同学们掌握其用法特点，并有意识地加以使用，高考一定能巧妙地将其派上用场并为文章增添风采。下面介绍一下这些高级语法的使用特点。
1、现在分词作句首状语或句末状语往往用在描绘性文字中，可以使被描绘的内容显得更为形象、生动。
Seeing a yellow car drive up Third Street，I made a right turn into Park Road．（NMET2000 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句成功运用了现在分词作句首状语，生动形象地表达了我一见到黄色小汽车便立即向右拐的应急情景。
I don't know about others，but I used to work even at weekends，doing endless homework and attending classes as well．（NMET2000 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句巧妙运用了现在分词作句末状语，生动形象地表明过去我因学业负担过重而感到苦不堪言。
2、Itis／was＋．．．who／that强调句型，适用于强调原句的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语，该句型情感色彩浓厚，表达效果好，而且好学易用。
It is English and computer classes that I like best．（NMET96 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句出色运用了强调句型，表达了我对英语和电脑特别喜欢的愉快之情，使文章上升了一个档次。
3、感叹句可以抒发内心强烈的感情色彩，适当运用感叹句可以有效增强文章的情感性、感染性和感召性，从而震撼读者内心，引起读者共鸣。
感叹句比较适合用于对人物或单位介绍结束后，情不自禁地对被介绍对象加以赞扬。
How time flies！（NMET98 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句巧妙运用了感叹句，表达了对时间飞逝的遗憾之情。
4、with ＋名词＋复合宾语句型的恰当使用也可以增加被描绘内容的生动性和趣味性，从而增强文章的感染性，该句型适合对细节性动作进行描绘。
My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind．（NMET97 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句巧用了“with ＋名词＋复合宾语”句型作伴随状语，形象地描绘了我兄弟载我骑车时的“潇洒”姿态，暗示着他这次违章载人难逃警察的干预。
5、such as列举句型是使用场合最广的句型，该句型结构精巧，对称协调，是一个难得的好句型，而且只要有强烈的使用意识，同学们在绝大多数高考中都可让其一展风采。
不过such as句型的技术含量高，一定要稔熟其用法。such as列举句型往往用来强调人或物的个数多，需要不完全列举所有事例。该句型使用时前边先用一个总述句说明人或物的个数多，后边列举二至五个不等的并列成分，这些并列成分应短小精炼，对称协调，通常为一个词或一个短语，而不能为一个句子。
I studied quite a few subjects such as Chinese，maths，English，physics，chemistry and computer．（NMET96书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句用such as列举句型说明了我的学习科目很多，而且结构巧妙，对称和谐。
I can follow my own interests such as reading books，visiting museums and taking computer lessons．（NMET2001 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句巧妙运用了such as列举句型，结构精巧工整，意义明确协调，堪称上乘佳句。
6、Such be总结句型适合使用于人物／单位介绍式书面表达的末尾对人物或单位进行总结，只要做有心人，在高考中使用该句型的可能性也是很大的。
Such be后边需接名词，名词后边需接同位语，同位语和被修饰名词之间常用逗号隔开。
Such is Sun Shuwei，a hardworking and successful diving star．（MET91 书面表达参考范文片段）
Such is our present life，a happy and colorful one．（NMET2001 书面表达参考范文片段）
析：该句巧用了Such be总结句型，表达了减负后学校生活的重大变化，使读者对减负给学校生活带来的变化有了一个更全面、更准确的了解。
写作：结构需严密 行文要连贯
虽然这篇文章是针对高考的，但对于写作也有很大的帮助。
日前，教育部考试中心公布了《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》。从英语学科来看，今年的《考试说明》与相比，在命题原则、考试内容、考试题型、分值分配等方面基本没有大的变化，体现了高考命题的稳定性和连续性。
有关写作，我们首先看一看20和20高考中的两篇满分作文。
Sample WritingI(2000)
①At 7：15 a.m. on the morning of Feb.8th，2000，I was heading east on the south side of the Park Road，taking my morning walk as usual.②I saw an old man on the other side of the road outside the gate of the City Park.③He was just crossing the street when a car on the 3rd Street made a sudden right turn at the crossing.④The car was so fast that the old man even didnt have time to dodge and the car hit the elderly hard.⑤I thought the driver would have stopped to help，but she didn't.⑥Instead，she just drove off，leaving the old man still lying on the ground in pain.⑦Fortunately，I noted down the details：it was a yellow car，the plate number of which was AC864，and the driver was a young lady.⑧After that，I went over to check out the old man.(30分)
Sample Writing II(2001)
①I'm very pleased to tell you the change s of my life since reduction of learning load was brought in.②But before that，I was often exhausted at weekends.③I attended school and had classes the whole day.④In the evening，I was often forced to do my boring homework and I could not go to bed until 11：30.⑤Since the program of reducing learning load was introduced，my life，however，has been much more interesting.⑥I frequently pay a visit to museums，drop in at computer rooms and draw pictures in my leisure(=spare)time.⑦After lunch，I watch TV，read stories and look through newspapers to enrich my horizon.⑧No longer do I stay up；on the contrary，I go to bed at about 10p.m.⑨Inshort，I am quite satisfied with my life now.(25分)
上面两篇文章都有一些共同的特点：内容充实，要点全面；语言丰富，文字优美；行文连贯，思路清晰，过渡自然，均为满分作文。我们认为，考生要想在高考写作中取得理想的分数，必须明确高考写作考查的形式。
本人曾参加过2000年和2001年高考北京地区英语阅卷工作。从阅卷的情况来看，老师们更多地是从整体上或者说从宏观上把握整篇文章，比较侧重于语言文字的运用，但是这并不意味着考生要刻意去写一些花哨的东西。要在写作中获取一个比较理想的分数，考生应该从以下几个方面入手：
首先，考生要明确考试的写作要求，主要是说明文字型、图表型和图画型三种类型，对写什么(作文内容或要点)，怎么写(行文和语言)在头脑里面应该有一个清醒的思路。从阅卷的情况来看，很多考生没有认真思考，动笔就写，在写作的过程当中或者在检查的时候发现一些错误，不得不进行修改，由于考试时不准使用涂改液和胶条，致使卷面多处用圆珠笔或钢笔涂改，严重影响卷面整洁，也影响了考生的实际成绩。
其次，考生应该从遣词造句角度多下工夫。词法上，要尽可能地运用已经学过的而且比较熟练的词组、短语或成语，要在使用动词、非谓语动词、副词和词语活用等方面多用笔墨；句法句式上，要求变换各种句式，如强调句、倒装句、感叹句、省略句、各种从句和固定句型等，长句和短句交错使用。需要强调的是，考生务必确保在没有错误的前提下作一些适当发挥。
第三，行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑然一体，增强文章的说服力和感染力，考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。
另外，考生很容易犯的一个错误是，在写出若干个句子以后不使用连接词或连词，出现“run-onsentence”(连续句)现象，这是英语写作的大忌。考生一定要牢记，在英语书面表达中一定要用一个连词或连接词连接两个句子(当然，有时用一个分号要连接两个句子)，两个连词连接三个句子，三个连词连接四个句子，依次类推。
在交卷前，考生务必将写完的作文阅读两遍，认真检查是否有语法和拼写方面的错误，是否有动词时态、语态方面的错误，是否有中式英语等等，因为上述任何错误都会影响考生的最后成绩。
高考名师谈外语作文题如何得高分
六年的高考书面表达题予以重温，进行热身赛。考生在热身练习中应注意以下四点：
1、学会审题。首先要明确文体：书信、自荐信、日记、通知(书面或口头)、报告、报导、讲演稿、欢迎辞等。其次要明确话题，找出中心思想和重点内容，力求切中题意。
2、注意划线、标出要点。如果是提纲或表格形式，则应在要点下划线，做适当的标记。如果是图画，则可直接在图画旁边标出简短的词语和短句。这样实际上已经打下一个简单的草稿了。
3、整理思路。首先要将考题所给的信息加以整理：是按时间顺序还是按空间顺序？是否需要分段？是用第一人称还是第二人称？是用什么时态和语态？其次要理清思路：是在何处运用恰当的连接成分使整个语篇更加连贯？是在何处运用从句、分词、不定式、动名词等手段使某个句子增添华彩？
4、注意表达准确、得体。书写清晰，标点正确，力求不在卷宗面上涂改。如果某个词语想不出来(或用英语表达不得体)，应想法换一种说法或变成一个句子去写。考生一般不必去数词数，但在估计上力争突破100词，宁可长一点。写完全文之后应注意检查，就像做“改错”一样，纠正必改的错误(但要注意卷面整洁)。
下面是NMET2001书面表达题：假设你是李华，你澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学生正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。周末活动(减负前)周末活动(减负后)白天：上课、做作业参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画晚上：做作业看新闻读书看报就寝时间：11：30就寝时间：10：00
审题：文体是书信；话题是“减负”。思路：八个句子。
参考答案和写法点评：
第一句：You want to know what is going on in schools in china？对应对方的询问，运用一般陈述句式的疑问句。
第二句：In short，things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learningload.总括减负带来的变化，短语call on运用得体。
第三句：I don｀t know about others，but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.说白天减负前的情况，句末as well用得语言很娴熟。
第四句：Now I have more free time.可起到承上启下的作用。
第五句：I can follow my own in terests such as reading books，visiting museums，and taking computer lessons.
第六句：In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read news papers.晚上减负后的情况，省略减负前的“做作业”的内容。
第七句：What｀s more，I can go to bed earlier.体现概括能力。避免重复介绍两个就寝时间。
第八句：As far as I know，everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.总结全文。As far as I know表达准确。
怎样写好英文日记
英文日记是中学英语书面表达的重要内容，也是高考的重要考点，写好英文日记应注意以下几点：
一、熟悉具有自我特色的语言语法规律，提高表达的准确性。
因为英文日记记述当天已发生的事情，因此在时态上体现一般过去时的特点，根据实际需要有可能个别句子使用过去进行时，同学们一定要熟悉这一时态特点，将一般过去时的时态落实到所适应的每个句子中去。但是日记的最后有可能交待写日记时的感受，可用一般现在时，如日记末尾常出现Now I feel very glad because I have done a good deed．之类的句子，不过该内容也可理解为所述事件发生时的感受，从而表达为：At that time I felt very glad because I had done a good deed．这两句中的时间状语Now和At that time表明两句所用时态是完全正确的。
日记多记述当天发生的有意义的事件，因此常可使用一些具有自我特色的单词、短语和句型，如：hold（举行）、attend（参加）、be present at（出席）、be divided into a few groups to have a discussion（分组讨论）、on one's way to（在某人去某地途中）、happen to（事件发生在……身上）、cross the street（过街）、help do sth．（帮助某人做某事）、be thankful to sb．或 express one's thanks to sb．for sth．或thank sb．for sth．（因某事对某人表示感激）、be late for（迟到）、do a good deed（做一件好事）等。同学们一定要熟悉这些显示英文日记自我特色的单词、短语和句型，并将这些单词、短语和句型稔熟于心，同时还应加强使用意识，确保在适当场合有选择地加以运用。
二、写好具有自我特色的开篇交待句和末尾总结句，提高文章的照应性。
英文日记往往记述一件特别有意义的事件，因此开篇交待句可简单介绍一下这一事件，如：Today I visited a farm．（NMET98书面表达参考答案开篇交待句）英文日记也可以记叙重大节日的活动，因此其开篇交待句可简单介绍一下这一节日，如：It is Tree Planting Day today．英文日记的末尾总结句往往交待从所述活动中获得的收获，其末尾总结句往往简单介绍这一收获，如：Today Ifeel very glad because Ihave learned a lot from the visit．I feel very glad now because this activity benefits me very much．I decide to do more good deeds for people．
三、写好具有自我特色的过渡性词汇，增强文章的逻辑性。
不少同学写英文日记时，只重事件的表达，而忽略语句的连贯，他们往往记不得使用或不会使用具有自我特色的过渡性词汇，结果写出来的文章缺乏连贯性和逻辑性，影响了文章的可读性。显然，同学们应学会使用过渡性词汇。英文日记以记述事件过程为主，因此往往以时间为写作线索，所以同学们应着重使用表时间的过渡性词汇，如first，then，at last／finally；at that time，now；in the morning，at noon，in the afternoon等；介绍在某一地点从事某活动而交待位置变化时，同学们应着重使用表地点的过渡性词汇，如：here ／there，on either ／every side of或on both ／all sides of，on the one side，on the other side。
四、大胆使用高级表达方式，提高文章的醒目性。
不少同学写英文日记时句式单调，枯燥乏味，缺乏美感，缺乏醒目性。显然，为提高书面表达醒目性，同学们应大胆使用一些常见但较高级的表达方式。同学们可使用感叹句，如：Whatan interesting and instructive day today！同学们也可使用with复合结构，如：I rode my bike across the street with my brother sitting on the back．同学们还可使用强调句型，如：It was early in the morning that we started．
英语写作20字诀
Twenty-word formula (英语写作20字诀）
Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。
Ambiguity: 尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。
Brief: 文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。
Coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。
Development: 主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。
Division: 词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。
Figures: 正确合理使用各类修辞格式。
Inflated diction: 不使用做作的语言。
Key: 用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。
Logical: 内容要符合逻辑。
Message: 信息要新鲜、确实、可信。
Omit: 合理删除多余的不必要部分。
Proposition: 主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。
Punctuation: 正确适时使用标点符号。
Relevant: 文章一定要要题。
Sentence pattern: 句型要尽量多样化。
Strait: 开门见山，直来直去。
Style: 文体恰切，适合内容要求。
Tense: 动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。
Theme: 选题得当，主题突出。
高考书面表达常见错误范例点击
高考书面表达题的目的是为了测试考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行书面思想交流。从近年高考英语试题来看，书面表达为“情景作文”、 “控制作文”或指导性写作，即根据所给情景和提示(包括图画、图表、提纲和短文)写一篇 100字左右的短文，内容涉及一般人际交往和日常生活，体裁通常为书信、日记、通知、简介和描述故事等。
“书面表达”不同于普通作文，无须在审题、立意、选材乃至布局谋篇，谴词造句上酝酿、斟酌。它只要求根据题中的汉语提示或说明来确定体裁，然后用自己最熟悉，最有把握的词语和句型将题中所规定的内容要点加以表达，进而串联成文。其次，“书面表达”又不同于翻译。也就是说，不能简单地将汉语提示逐句译成英语。在具体写作过程中，要做到内容切题、文理通顺、语言准确。
要求是多方面的，归纳起来，要注意以下几点：
(1)认真审题，确定体裁，明确表达要点；
(2)紧紧围绕内容要点表达，既不添枝加叶，又不遗漏要点；
(3)谴词造句必须符合语言规范，切忌硬译、乱译、避免中文式的英语，或根据语法编造一些不地道的语言；(4)扬长避短，注意语言的灵活运用；
(5)正确使用时态、语态、标点符号和字母的大小写，注意主谓一致和单词拼写的准确性。
(6)力求做到内容完整、文字通达、书写规范、条理清楚、卷面整洁、篇幅适中。
【范例点击】
(一) (NMET2001)
假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头已为你写好。
生词：减轻学习负担-reduce learning load
（学生习作）
Dear Dick:
How nice to hear from you again. You want ① know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve ② when schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about ③ the others, but I used to have to work even at ④ weekend doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have free time. I can follow my own ⑤ interest such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier.
As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes
Yours,
Li Hua
［修改与点击］
①修改鴚ant后加to。
【点击】want后不能直接跟动词原形作其宾语，应接带to的动词不定式。本句还可以这样表达：Would you like to know what is going on in schools in China? You want to know something about our studies in schools in our country?
②修改将when改为since。
【点击】这是现在完成时中很常用的一个句型。
类似的说法还有：
Great changes have taken place in our studies since schools were called on to reduce learning load. Things have been quite different in our studies since our schools were demanded to reduce learning load.
③修改去掉the。
【点击】others在表示泛指时，其前通常不用冠词。
④餍薷磨将weekend改为weekends。
【点击】本句应指多个周末。这一句还可以这样表达：
Before reducing learning load,I had to not only do a lot of homework but also attend classes at weekends. Only after calling on to reduce learning load can we have our own weekends, because we had endless homework to do and many different classes to attend at weekends before that.
⑤修改将interest改为interests。
【点击】本句应指多种兴趣。
Useful expressions
From Junior Books
1. be afraid of
2. agree to do sth.
3. not…at all
4. one after another
5. at last
6. at once
7. at the same time
8. at work
9. be away from
10. go away
11. make the bed
12. do one’s best
13. be busy with
14. be busy doing sth
15. by bus /car / plane
16. catch up with
17. catch cold
18. day after day
19. do some cleaning
20. eat up / use up
21. in the end
22. fall ill
23. on foot
24. make friends with sb.
25. in front of
26. get back /in /off /on
27. get on with
28. give up
29. go on doing sth.
30. go shopping
31. be good at
32. hand in / out
33. have a good time
34. have breakfast / supper
35. have sports
36. hear from
37. here and there
38. hold a meeting
39. hold on
40. hurry up
41. keep on doing sth.
42. all kinds of
43. a kind of
44. laugh at
45. listen to sb.
46. no longer
47. look after / at / for/ up
48. make a mistake
49. make a noise
50. in the middle of
51. neither…nor
52. from now on
53. a number of
54. at once
55. once upon a time
56. put on / sth down / up
57. get / be ready
58. take / have a rest
59. ring up
60. send for
61. by the side of
62. go to sleep
63. stop sb. from doing sth.
64. take a walk
65. take away
66. take out
67. take down / off
68. take a train / bus
69. think about
70. all the time
71. on / in time
72. too…to
73. try on
74. turn off
75. wake up
76. by the way
77. one the / one’s way to…
78. write down
79. take a message for sb.
80. What a pity!
81. of course
82. turn left
83. feel well
84. neck and neck
85. fall behind
86. take turns
87. hands up
88. as usual
89. prefer a. to b.
90. You’d better not do sth.
91. Help oneself to sth.
92. change one’s mind
93. make a mistake
94. take one’s time
95. knock into sb.
96. be covered with
97. with one’s help
98. wear out
99. sell out
100. be in surprise
101. be afraid of
102.at the foot of
From Senior Book One
103. meet for the first time
104. at the beginning of
105. nice meeting you
106. go away
107. in one’s opinion
108. summer vacation
109. a general idea
110. find out
111. right now
112. from dawn until dark
113. go on doing sth
114. by the lights of
115. as a result
116. pump water
117. on an open fire
118. give one’s regards to sb.
119. that’s nice of sb.
120. send sb. best wishes
121. follow one’s instructions
122. by the side of
123. at the end of
124. a little man with glasses
125. have a way of doing sth.
126. dip sth.into sth.
127. hold up
128. instead of
129. make a face
130. have difficulty in doing sth
131. have difficulty with sth.
132. know about
133. more or less
134. stay the same
135. way of life
136. bring in
137. I guess
138. go off to Guangzhou
139. see sb.off
140. take a taxi
145. a friend of mine
146. by air /sea
147. say Hi to A. from B.
148. have a good trip
149. tie the boat to a tree
150. by the river bank
151. all night long
152. be about to do sth.
153. nothing except / but
154. at a high price
155. stay long
156. cover a.with b.
157. so that
158. in rows
159. from now on
160. in order to
161. make sure
162. knock sb. down
163. obey the rules
164. break the rules
165. in the past
166. wash away
167. take a look at
168. take a picomic
169. a great many
170. agree on
171. supply sb. sth
172. all over the country
173. at the crossing
174. plenty of
175. as soon as possible
176. set up
177. spend ...in doing / on sth.
178. as follows
179. fall off / down
180. for quite a while
181. a great part of
182. on the morning of
183. the number of
184. cut off
185. at 5.3 centimetres a year
186. as a result of
187. It is said that
188. do one’s best to do sth.
189. change a. for b.
190. a waste of money
191. make a decision
192. go up
193. bring down
194. get do sth.
195. be used to doing sth.
196. keep a record of
197. thanks to
198. at one time
199. make plans for
200. at home and abroad
201. take up
202. every four years
203. take part in /join in / compete in
204. used to do sth.
205. hear of
206. on / over / through the radio
207. be well thought of
208. make fun of sb.
209. not just…but…
210. The more,the better.
211. That’s easy said than done.
213. go with
214. give advice to sb.
215. from month to month
216. write to sb.
217. tens of thousands of
218. be well received
219. be of great help
220. write to/ about/write for
221. fight against, fight for
222. She did all (that )she could (do) to help him
223. She did what she could do to help him.
224. no more than
225. in one’s spare time
226. break out, break into ,
227. break down
228. early the next morning
229. be sad at sth.
230. consider sb to be.
231. be beaten to death
232. measure a. with b.
233. get along well with
234. ask sb. for sth.
235. tell lies
From Senior Book Two
236. advise sb. To do sth.
237. have a good rest
238. take the medicine
239. get a cough / headache
240. I suggest sb. do sth.
241. and so on
242. be measured in calories
243. burn up
244. be rich / low /high in
245. in the form of
246. scores of
247. put on /lose weight
248. look out
249. be on fire / catch fire
250. in that case
251. turn the gas off
252. sound the fire alarm
253. be trapped in
254. belong to
255. in the ceiling of
256. get close to
257. at present
258. long ago
259. the number of sth.
260. It is hoped that
261. be invited to
262. call on sb.
263. Sth. look nice on sb.
264. pay back
265. be worth
266. at the most
267. pick up
268. to one’s surprise
269. offer sth. to sb.
270. think of / think about
271. be cross
272. look down upon sb.
273. in the beginning
274. come out
275. again and again
276. a paper-making factory
277. catch /have a cold
278. come across sb.
279. cut up
280. praise sb. for sth.
281. in one’s fifties
282. give advice on sth.
283. receive a doctor’s degree
284. be supported by sb.
285. close friends
286. translate a. into b.
287. make progress
288. before long /long before
289. stand for
290. be made up of
300. be famous for
301. be devided into
302. be full of / be filled with
303. live on potatoes
304. keep in touch with sb.
305. go to church
306. play an important part in
307. feel like doing sth.
308. on the edge of sth.
309. all through the year
310. rise by 63 metres
311. be in danger
312. stone by stone
313. work on sth.
314. be marked with
315. at breakfast
316. in danger
317. make a good effort
318. date from
319. be busy with
320. knock out of
321. point out
322. turn over
323. go against
324. year after/by year
325. agree to do sth.
326. now and then
327. give a talk
328. send out
329. get through
330. ring sb.back / up
331. May I have your attention?
332. receive an invitation
333. accept the invitation
334. be out of breath
335. turn down
336. ring off
337. for free
338. become interested in
339. form a pop group
340. manage to do sth.
341. persuade sb. to do sth.
From Senior Book Three
342. go straight ahead
343. at the entrance to …
343. on the other side
344. in the hope of
345. take along
346. lose heart
347. in this way
348. be pleased with
349. in the 1920s
350. as far as the coast
351. bring on sth.
352. Do you mind if I do sth?
353. Would you mind if I did it
354. I wonder if I could do sth.
355. Non-smoking office
356. smoke a cigarette
357. fall asleep
358. one third of
359. die of / die from
360. remain in business
361. compared to sb.
362. kick one’s smoking habit
363. give sth. up
364. get one into the habit of
365. be used to sth /doing sth.
366. call for
367. share sth. with sb.
368. compare a. with b.
369. help sb.do/to do /with sth.
370. make oneself understood by words
371. be accepted as
372. nod / shake the head
373. shake hands with sb.
374. wave one’s arms
375. an English-speaking country
376. do some research on sth.
377. be proud of sb.
378. stand close to each other
379. keep a distance away
380. talk with sb’s mouth full
381. a copy of China Daily
382. What’s on this weekend?
383. give a performance
384. They are said to do sth=
385. It is said that
386. cover the events
387. get down to sth/doing sth.
388. fix a time
389. have a face-to-face interview
390. do telephone interviews
391. look up sth in dictionary
392. type sth.into the computer
393. There is no time left
394. in the coming week
395. cut the costs of sth
396. be popular with sb.
397. as well. as well as
398. practise doing sth.
399. intend to do sth
400. set off for the USA
401. after a short while
402. be uncertain about
403. add a. to b.
404. be honoured for sth.
405. make a contribution to sth.
406. be set in California
407. pick up
408. be caught in a snow storm
409. in a great hurry
410. bring up sb.
411. Excuse me for doing sth.
412. What a shame
413. be pressed with
414. in the late 1870s
415. keep a bank
416. here and there
417. can’t help doing sth.
418. trade with
419. first day covers
420. sooner or later
421. add to sth.
422. used stamps
423. tell the difference between a. and b.
424. fill a.with b.
425. generally speaking
426. struggle against
427. from area to area
426. below freezing
427. all the year round
428. natural gas
429. a great deal of
430. on average
431. make use of
432. keep alive
433. offer sb. a lift room
434. clear sth. up
435. the other day
436. tidy sth.up
437. knock sb. off
438. What happened to me?
439. take it easy
440. stay still
441. medical care
442. at the back of
443. deal with
444. pour a. into b.
445. keep out of the reach of
446. do sth. by mistake
447. nearby hospital
448. large quantities of
449. be fit for sb.
450. hear about
451. standing room
452. pay special attention to
453. deep in the heart of
454. fail to do sth.
455. time and time again
456. lose one’s sight
457. be present
458. off the coast
459. living things
460. die out
461. in all
462. point to / at
463. to one’s great joy
464. be that foolish
465. judge sb. by the clothes
466. put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.
467. apologize to sb.for sth
468. be after
469. do sb. a favor
470. make sth to sb’s own measure
471. depend on sb.
472. drop in at / in sb./ a place
473. once upon a time
474. do up one’s button
475. take sb. seriously
476. What is worse
477. be suitable for doing sth
478. keep back
479. be equal to
480. pretend to do sth.
481. play a part of
482. be caught in
483. be anxious about
484. be likely to do sth.
485. call in
486. take the place of
487. 30cm by 30cm by 50cm
488. for one thing
489. make a lot of noise
490. stare straight at sb.
491. bend over
492. worse still
493. attack one’s attention
494. carry off
495. look into
496. run out of food
From Senior Book Four
497. do a word puzzle
498. all through one’s life
499. lead to sth
500. the Noble Prize for sth.
501. refuse to do sth.
502. a cheque for $100
503. live the rest of one’s life
504. take American nationality
505. be fond of
506. lead a simple way of life
507. leave a. for b.
508. go on with sth.
509. stick to sth.
510. take sides in
511. be respected as
512. further education
513. So far as I know
514. get sth. ready
515. in space
516. travel in a high circle
517. at the speed of
518. keep sth out of
519. set up an organization
520. with the help of
521. outer space
522. carry out
523. attempt to do sth.
524. be connected with
525. have a seat
526. personal affairs
527. see to sth.
528. mean to do sth.
529. make a note of
530. It’s time sb. did sth
531. Remember me to sb
532. delay sth./doing sth
533. be well known for sth.
534. I dare say
535. pay sb. a visit
536. do repairs
537. There is no doubt about it
538. Sb.be supposed to do sth
539. a length of
540. I wish I did sth
541. dive off the rock
542. take a deep breath
543. go cycling
544. by weight
545. stay clean
546. a variety of
547. at a time
548. at the bottom of
549. feed on sth.
550. hold one’s breath
551. for ages
552. in the opposite direction
553. the majority of
554. be out of work
555. in future
556. in the future
557. work out
558. be convenient to do
559. in the fields of education
560. pay bills
561. search a. for b.
562. vote for sb
563. on the screen
564. be against / for
565. take sth. for example
556. keep fit
557. electric hair drier
558. put sth into practice
559. by fax / telegraph
560. lay the table
561. quite by accident
562. light a cigar
563. buy a coffee
564. move from side to side
565. have a lot in common
566. happen to do sth
567. leave sb/sth. doing sth.
568. take over
569. on one’s own
570. booking office
571. in rush hour
572. drive off
573. be in great surprise
574. be in total silence
575. be angry with sb. for sth.
576. be introduced to
577. a couple of
578. over and over again
579. put sb.in / into prison
580. the Nobel Peace Prize
581. set an example to sb.
582. make a speech
583. side by side
584. make friends / enimies
585. achieve one’s goal
586. in one’s lifetime
587. separate a.from b.
588. What is the time by one’s watch
589. as a matter of fact
590. dream of
591. come true
592. even though / if
593. prevent …from doing
594. as though
595. in need of
596. end up
597. at the latest
598. look forward to
599. be familiar with
600. earn one’s living
601. learn sth.by heart
602. in praise of
603. get married to
604. Let sb in
605. have a test
606. in peace
607. fall in love with
608. make sure of
609. suffer from
610. in public
611. set fire to
612. burn … to the ground
613. do wrong
614. sentence sb. to death
615. do a good deed
616. get together
617. all the best
618. have a word with sb.
619. connect with
620. in other words
621. free of charge
622. a bathing suit
623. pay heavy taxes
From Senior Book Five
624.have something to do with
625.be willing to do sth
626.devote one’s time/life/effort to sth/doing sth
627.be determined to do sth
628.succeed in doing sth
629. in honour of
630.give off
631.belng to
632.set off a nuclear bomb
633.have an effect on
634.from then on
635.above all
636.believe in
637.heart and soul
638.pay off
639.provide sb with sth
bad
641.insist on doing sth
642.take (an) interest in
643.take sth by surprise
644.with the purpose of
645.set out for some place
646.set sail
647.in searxh of
648.fall ill
649.in charge of
650.be worth doing
651.put out
652.look out
653.start a fire
654.become experienced at
655.separate…from…
656.feed on
up
658.all the year round
659.hand down
660.rather than
661.give birth to
662.look forward to
and again
664.fix a date
665starve to death
666.in a word
667.in debt
668.make good sense
669.help oneself to
670.express one’s satisfaction with sth
671.bring in
hand in hand
out
674.a waste of money
675.admire sb for sth
sb of sth
rid of
678.in this way
rid of
680.break up
681.seek to do sth
682.be active in
683.shut down
684.sentence sb to death
685.masses of
686.protect sb from sth
687.watch over
688.fall to pieces
689.at war
690.take on
691.carry on with
692.fall into ruins
693 cover an area of 200 square kilometers
694.in a poor state
695.keep off
696.in battle
697.be of great importance
698.keep one’s word
699.have a misunderstanding about sth
700.be ashamed of
701.ahead of time
702.burst into tears
703.but for
704.do everything sb can to do sth
705.express one’s thanks
the point of
707.so long as
708.give out
one’s delight
be honest
711.take charge
board
713.keep one’s balance
714.be content with
715.be content to do sth
716.in all
717.be proud of
718.take pride in
719.lose one’s voice
720.turn up
721.in actual fact
722.in a flash
723.in uniform
724.look round
one’s arrival
726.play a trick on
727.as busy as a bee
728.break into
729.be ready to do sth
730.scold sb for
731.take place
condition that
733.make a promise
734.fall in love with
735.have mercy on
736.be seated
737.do the deed
down on one’s knees
739.at the mercy of
740.take…in one’s arms
741.use one’s head
742.paly the role of
743.according to
all
745.lead an active life
746.Hve no choice but to do sth
747.all through the winter
748.make use of
749.be connected with
750.lie in
about
752.a good many
753.keep up
down
755.turn away
756.take possession of
that
758.give in
759die out
760.have a hard time
761.become of
762.in chains
in a while
764.pass down from generation to generation
over
68．Which can be the best title for this story?
A. Mother’s True love B. Early love between Students
C. To Ask or Not to Ask D. Dangerous Age
75. The best title for this passage is ________.
A. Life Begins at Sixty B. A Round Coast Sail
C. An Old Woman Sailor D. An Unusual Hobby
T: 关于68题，有的同学犯了一叶障目不见泰山的错误。文章最后一句已经点明主旨：It read: Mum, it was love that make you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn’t. .Mother’ true love 只是文章内容的一部分，作者其实更强调的是understanding ,及 true love 与 understanding 之间的矛盾。
关于75题，如果你选了C或D说明你并未理解文章的主旨。文章中说的是她60岁退休后想重圆儿时梦想，开始第二次人生追求。所以选A 它既概括了内容有升华了其中的精神内涵。C项，一位年老的女水手，难道她干了一辈子吗？D项，很多人都喜欢sailing，它也不是作者讨论的焦点。文章主要写人而非记事。
此外，在解这种题时大家还要注意两点：（1）英美人的思维方式一般是先亮明观点，而后再加以论述，所以文章和段落的首句尤为重要，请大家尤为注意。（2）选标题要注意两点：准确性和醒目性。醒目性就是能给人留下深刻的印象。
2．推理判断题。通常题干中出现 infer, What is the author going to write in the fourth paragraph?的词句。大家找一找咱们的卷子上有没有这样的题。
A Magnesium(镁) is another mineral we now get by collecting huge amount of ocean water and treating it with chemicals, although man first got it from the treatment of rocks. In a cubic mile of seawater there are about four million tons of magnesium. Since the means used to get magnesium was developed about 1941, production has increased a great deal. It was magnesium that made possible the wartime growth of the plane industry, for every plane made in the United States (and in most other countries, too) has about half a ton of magnesium metal. And it has many uses in other industries where a lightweight metal is most wanted, besides its long-standing utility (效用) as a material that does not carry electricity, and its use in printing inks and medicine.
1. What was the paragraph about which this passage follows?
A. The place where magnesium was found. B. Unusual qualities of magnesium.
C. A different mineral collected from seawater. D. The use of chemicals in treating seawater.
2. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. Uses of seawater. B. Treatment of seawater.
C. Chemical qualities of magnesium. D. Sources and uses of magnesium.
3. The new means of getting magnesium directly led to ______.
A. the development of using seawater B. increased plane production
C. improved medicine D. the development of cheap ink for printing
4. Why is magnesium important to industry?
A. It is strong. B. It conducts(传导) heat well. C. It weighs little. D. It is inexpensive to produce.
5. During the past fifty years the demand for magnesium has _______.
A. slowed down greatly B. remained the same C. increased slightly D. risen greatly
B The sky usually looks light blue. But if you went to the top of the highest mountain, went to the top of the highest mountain, where there is less air between you and the sun to scatter the sunlight, the sky would be deep, dark blue. And if you rode in a rocket high above the earth, where there is no air at all to scatter the sunlight, the sky would be so dark that it would be black.
Sometimes the sky doesn't look blue. At sunrise and sunset, the light from the sun sometimes is scattered in such a way that you see red, orange, and other colors in the sky.
1. The sky usually looks light blue because _____.
A. the sun is light and blue B. the air is light and blue
C. the air scatters the sunlight D. the sunlight is blue
2. The sky looks dark blue when _____.
A. there is less air between you and the sun B. there is high mountain
C. the mountain is highest D. you climb a mountain
3. The sky looks black if ______.
A. you ride in a rocket B. the rocket is high in the sky
C. the rocket is high above the earth D. there is no air to scatter the sunlight
4. Sometimes the sky doesn't look blue because ______.
A. the sun is rising B. the sun is setting
C. the air has different colors D. the light from the sun is scattered in a different way
5. A good title for this passage would be _______.
A. The Sky Looks Blue B. Why the Sky Looks Colorful
C. The Beautiful Sunlight D. Something About the Air
C More and more often we heard of people talking about Karaoke(卡拉OK). But what on earth it is about, still remains a question for many people.
Karaoke is a sort of acoustic equipment(音响设备) which was invented in Japan around the middle of the 1970's. It means “a band without people” in Japanese. In fact, it is just a music tape without words. This equipment first appeared in some public houses and snack bars (快餐店), and mainly for the customers to enjoy themselves. Most of the music in Karaoke was popular music. Therefore, at times, when anyone felt like it, he might sing songs to the accompaniment (伴奏) of the music that came from the equipment.
Shortly after its invention, Karaoke was spread (流传) to the whole world. It was introduced to China and was welcomed by many people. Although you are not a good singer, or even sometimes you may sing out of tune, you can always enjoy yourself by singing Karaoke.
1. In this passage “band” means “group of persons ________.”
A. who play games on the sports ground B. who play music together
C. living in the same neighbourhood D. doing things together under a leader and with a common purpose
2. Karaoke is just a ______
A. cassette tape with only music B. cassette tape recorder
C. band from Japan D. voice recording equipment
3. People went to public houses and snack bars ______when Karaoke appeared.
A. to have a good time B. to have something to drink
C. to get something to eat D. to buy the equipment
4. Karaoke was spread to the whole world ________.
A. as soon as it was invented B. long before C. not long after it was invented D. before long
5. The main idea of this passage is ______.
A. all persons like to play Karaoke B. to introduce Karaoke to the people
C. Karaoke is a wonderful equipment D. Karaoke is used everywhere including snack bars
D Beijing's sky watchers will no doubt be excited when they see with their own eyes a bright comet (彗星) all night long. Comet C/ B2 (Hyakutake) was first observed by Hyakutake, a Japanese amateur astronomer, on January 30, 1996. It can be seen with the naked eyes over China, Europe and other northern areas as nightly through the last week of March and first ten days of April. On March 25, it was closed to the earth--about 15 million kilometres or one-seventh the distance between the earth and the sun.
What is more exciting is that there will be two more rare events in the sky, it is predicted (预言) that another comet, Hale-Bopp, found on July 23, 1995, by Americans Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp, is expected to pass over the northern part of Heilongjiang Province in March . The comet, estimated to be 10X15 kilometres in size, will not return for 3000 years.
What is even more rare is that a total solar eclipse(日蚀) is expected to occur on March 9, 1997, over Mongolia, Siberia and Northern Heilongjiang Province. When the sky turns dark, people should be able to see the eclipse and the bright comet Hale-Bopp at the same time.
An observation trip to Mohe, Heilongjiang Province, is being organized for the March1997 Sky events, as well as a nationwide astro-photo competition.
March 29-31, 1996 Weekend
1. Beijing sky watchers will be excited because _______.
A. they have observed a comet by themselves
B. they expect to see the comet found by a Japanese amateur astronomer through telescope
C. they expect to see with their naked eyes the comet found by Hyakutake
D. they will see a comet through a telescope for the first time
2. The two more exciting and rare sky events will occur in March, l997 are ______.
A. comet Hale-Bopp and comet Hyakutake B. a comet and a lunar eclipse
C. a comet found by two Americans and a solar eclipse D. a solar eclipse and comet Hyakutake
3. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Comet Hale-Bopp and Comet Hyakutake will pass over the northern part of Heilongjiang Province in 1997. B. March 25 was supposed to be the best time to observe Comet Hyakutake.
C. A total solar eclipse will occur in Mongolia.
D. A nationwide astro-photo competition will be organized in March, 1997.
4. According to the newspaper article we learn that Hyakutake ______.
A. is an expert in astronomy B. works as an astronomer
C. has a great interest in astronomy D. is made to observe comets in the sky
E Collecting coins (or numismatics to the more seriously minded) is one of the world's popular hobbies. Although you can begin collecting coins at any age, most mumismatists will recall their hobby being stimulated in childhood. My interest was kindled as a ten-year-old child when I was presented with a small tin of old coins by the boyfriend of an elder sister. I wasn't rich all of a sudden but I was certainly impressed by possessing objects that were so many times older than myself. Such is the fascination of coins for old and young alike.
Many people are astonished to hear that coins issued before the birth of Christ-representing sixty generations of human life--can be bought for just a few dollars. Owning something which has literaly passed through the hands of so many of our ancestors (祖先) is instantly appealing. When such a coin is not only rare but beautiful, it is not surprising that collectors will pay thousands of dollars to own it. Australia's own coins, although so much more recent than, say, Roman coins, can still be very valuable. For example, in March 1992 an Australian 1920 sovereign was sold for $287,000 at a London auction.
Coins speak to us from the past. If we care to study them we can learn more about how our ancestors used to think. But perhaps most interestingly, we can discover how people dealt with one another. Basically, coins represent the value put upon objects which we own and want to trade, now or at some future date. We can call this complex system currency(货币).Australia, like few other countries in the world, can trace its history through its currency.
1. The word closest in meaning to “was kindled” as it is used in the passage is ____.
A. begin B. dived C. filled D. went
2. If something is “instantly appealing” it is ______.
A. wildly exciting B. immediately pleasing C. invariably interesting D. strangely curious
3. Australia's coins can be valuable even though _______.
A. they have been passed down through generations B. they are not very old
C. the currency has changed D. the currency system is complex
4. The author feels that numismatics goes beyond mere collecting as it offers the hobbyist _____.
A. an understanding of the past B. eventual wealth
C. opportunities for overseas travel D. the chance to collect extremely old coins
5. According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Coin collecting has always been an expensive hobby.
B. Numismatics appeals to both children and adults.
C. Coins were not issued before the birth of Christ.
D. Australia is unique in that it can trace its history through coins.
F Like most people your intelligence (智力) changes from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year. A well-known scientist, Ellsworth Huntington, concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates(气候) that climate and temperature have a clear effect on our intelligence.
He found that cool weather is much better for creative (创造性) thinking than warm weather. This does not mean that all people are not so quick at learning in the summer as they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the intelligence of large numbers of people seems to be lowest in the summer.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's intelligence is effected by the same factors (因素) that bring about great changes in all nature.
Autumn is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take long holidays from thinking!
1. Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _____.
A. some effect on most people's intelligence
B. a great effect on everyone's intelligence
C. a great effect on the intelligence of those living in a hot climate
D. a deep effect on the intelligence of those living in a hot climate
2. One possible reason why spring is the best period for thinking is that ______.
A. it is the first season of the year B. it lasts longer than the other seasons
C. it has more sunny days than rainy days D. it is good for the growth of all nature
3. We may conclude that Huntington ________.
A. invented many things after he had drawn the conclusion
B. joined some other men research work
C. drew the conclusion only from his own experience
D. got support his work from peoples in different climates
4. Which of the following is the right order from the worst period to the best period of the year for
thinking? A. Summer--winter--autumn--spring. B. Spring--autumn--winter--summer.
C. Summer--autumn--winter--spring. D. Spring--summer--autumn--winter.
5. Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?
A. The Seasons of the Year. B. Climate and Temperature.
C. Intelligence and the Seasons. D. Great Changes in Nature.
G For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. During this time, the moon has been the only satellite of the earth. Today, however, the earth has many other satellites all made by man. These man-made satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However, some of them will still be going round the earth thousands of years from now.
Man-made satellites do not fall because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along, they tend(倾向) to go straight off into space. They pull out of the earth, or its gravity, which keeps them from doing this. As a result, they travel in an orbit round the earth.
If a man-made satellite travels about a certain height, it can keep going on and on round the earth, just like the moon. This is because it is above the atmosphere, and there is nothing to slow it down. If it travels lower than that it will be slowed down so much that it will fall to the earth.
Men have sent spaceship to the moon and to the two nearest planets Mars (火星) and Venus (金星). By putting a camera on board of the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to take photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always hidden from us as the moon circles the earth. The photos were later transmitted(传送) by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the moon is very much the same as the side that is turned towards us.
1. The moon is ______ the other satellites of the earth in size. A. much smaller than B. much bigger than C. less bigger than D. as big as
2. Man-made satellites travel in an orbit round the earth because _____.
A. they travel at a high speed B. they are very light in weight
C. the earth's gravity keeps them from going straight off into space D. both A and C
3. If a man-made satellite travels in the atmosphere, it will _______.
A. go straight off into space B. fall to the earth C. circle the earth forever D. both A and C
4. Photos show that the side of the moon hidden from us is _____ the side facing us.
A. brighter than B. different from C. the same as D. more beautiful than
5. We can only see one side of the moon because _______.
A. the moon has no gravity B. the moon keeps going round the earth
C. the moon goes side by side with the earth D. we haven't put a camera on board of the spaceship 新闻A Guangzhou (Xinhua)--12 people were killed and 20 injured early yesterday morning when they jumped from a burning train car into the path of an oncoming goods train in Southern China.
When No. 247 Wuchang--Guangzhou passenger train was passing the Dayaoshan Tunnel (隧道) in Guangdong Province, South China at 00 ：17 hours yesterday, a fire caused by passengers' smoking broke out on No. 17 car. They wanted to extinguish(扑灭) fire. As the train stopped some frightened passengers jumped from windows.
12 people were crushed to death and 20 others injured by a northward passing goods train(No. 1766).
1. In which direction did the passenger train travel? A. Norhtward. B. Southward. C. Eastward. D. Westward.
2. When did the accident happen?
A. At 00:17 am. B. At 00:17 pm. C. At seventeen past one. D. At seventeen to one.
3. Where did the accident happen?
A. In Wuchang. B. In Guangzhou. C. In Hubei. D. In Guangdong.
4. For what did the passenger train stop?
A. To put out the fire. B. To let the passengers jump out.
C. To let the other train pass. D. To pick up some other passengers.
5. What was the cause of the fire?
A. A heavy rain. B. High temperature. C. Carelessness. D. Fear.
B * Zhu to attend Asem in London
China's new premier, Zhu Rongji is to
attend the Second Asia-Europe Meeting
(Asem) and visit Britain and France
between March 31 and April 7 in his first
foreign trip since taking office.
--Page 2
* Laid-off (下岗 ) workers
Beijing will take measure to help the
city's laid-off workers find new jobs this
year.
-- Page 3
* Family reform
China Daily carries a commentary (评论)
on family planning policy, which is crucial
(关系重大) to the country's future.
--Page 4
* Banking reform
The Shanghai branch of the People's
Bank of China is preparing to initiate
（开始着手）a series of reforms to improve
services.
-- Page 5
* Education reform
A complete reform in Chinese language
teaching is called for in primary and
secondary education.
--Page 9
* Healthy old man
Two Chinese World War II pilots keep
healthy in their 80s through regular
exercise programmes.
--Page 10
1. The above section may possibly appear on _____ of China Daily.
A. Page 3 B. Page 1 C. Page 4 D. Page 5
2.. From the headline we expect there will be _____ job chances for laid-off workers in Beijing this year.
A. fewer B. enough C. more D. no
3. Premier Zhu will go to Europe to ______.
A. attend Asem in Paris B. visit Britain and France from March to April
C. have his first foreign tripD. attend the meeting and pay an official visit to Britain and France as well
4. We can infer(推断) that Chinese language teaching in primary and secondary schools at
present _______. A. is satisfactory B. meets the demand of the society
C. needs improvement D. interests students
C Are you interested in the following courses? Please read them and make a decision soon.
A. Understanding Computers
This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know very much about computers but who need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can't do, and how to use them.
Course Fee(费): $75 Jan. 7, 14, 21, 28 Sat. 9-11:50 a.m. Equipment Fee: $10.
Joseph Saunders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.
B. Stopping Smoking
Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop it but failed? Now is the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it.
Course fee: $30Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25 Mon. 4-7p.m.
Dr. John Goode is a practising psychologist (心理学家 ) who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
C. Typing(打字)
This course is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to make their typing better. The course is individualized(单独授课). You are tested in the first class and begin practising at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper.
Course Fee: $125 Materials Fee: $25
Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks.
This course is taught by a number of best business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.
1. The typing course is for
A. beginners B. skilled typists C. unskilled persons D. both A and C
2. If one wants to learn basic computer program, he must pay
A. $75+$10 B. $50+$10 C. $30+$25 D. $35+$25
3. Everyone taking a typing course can _____.
A. work at his own speed B. type fast
C. learn much more than the others D. begin practising at the same level
D Dear editor,
You can find language pollution whenever you open a newspaper or turn on your TV set, listen to a popular song at various advertisements. Language pollution exists almost everywhere and can be seen in the following places:
1. Chinese characters are written in the complex(复杂的 ) form. Although simplified (简化的) Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters written in the complex form.
2. Many goods are produced in China but carry foreign names, which sound strange and have no meaning at all.
3. Words and expressions being used have a bad meaning. “Ba”(霸), which means bully in Chinese, is one example. Now there are a lot of goods, restaurants, even factories or firms, with “Ba” in their names.
4. There are too many incorrect grammatical expressions. Some films have strange names and incorrect grammatical structures(结构). “Al ni mei shang liang', which means ”I love you without consulting“, is grammatically incorrect and this kind of expression is now becoming popular.
Some language experts point out that language pollution must be done away with, which
is an idea shared by myself and many others. Fan Yongqian, Shanxi
1. The writer of the letter suggests that ______.
A. something be done to make our language pure (纯正)
B. the Chinese language not have the word ”ba“
C. everything have a good name and a good meaning
D. everybody try their best to stop pollution
2. What the writer wants to say is that ____.
A. great difference exists between the Chinese characters written in the complex form and simplified
form
B. our newspapers, TV programs, pop songs and advertisements are getting polluted
C. many people agree with the experts on language pollution in China
D. some film writers haven't studied Chinese grammar
3. The expression ”do away with“ in the last paragraph means ”_______".
A. clean B. recycle C. get away D. end
4. What do you guess Fan Yongqian is? He or she probably is _____.
A. a language expert B. a singer of pop songs C. a reader D. an expert of grammar
5. Choose the best title for the passage.
A. More Attention to Grammar B. Pollution of Our Language
C. Experts' Good Advice D. Films with Strange Names
E A Help Wanted Advertisement Female Clerk Wanted
Interesting & Rewarding Position in Lee Garden Hotel, Aged 20-22, at least 2-year working experience, Salary according to experience will be between RMB 500 yuan and RMB 800 yuan per month. Transport can be provided from Town Centre. 5 days-40 hours/week plus other fringe benefits including shopping discount. Please contact Miss Li at 8491879.
1. According to the advertisement, Lee Garden Hotel wants to employ
A. women clerks who have been working for at least two years
B. men clerks aged from twenty to twenty-two
C. university graduates aged 20-22 D. middle school leavers aged between twenty and twenty-two
2. The employees in Lee Garden Hotel have to work ______.
A. from morning till night B. all day long without a rest
C. from Monday to Friday D. from Monday to Saturday
3. The newly-employed clerks ______ to be paid 500 yuan and 800 yuan monthly.
A. are considered B. are suggested C. are promised D. are allowed
F Many people think it is safer to fly in a plane around the world than to cross a busy city
street. Flying accidents are not very common; so when an air accident happens, the
newspapers put it on the front page. Look at the newspaper headline below:
GIRL FALLS 3000 METRES--AND LIVES TO TELL THE STORY!
1. According to the writer, why is an air accident usually reported on the front page of the newspaper?
A. Because flying accidents happen more often than car accidents.
B. Because air accidents rarely happen in our daily life.
C. Because flying is more dangerous than driving. D. Driving is more safer than flying.
2. Which of the following is not true?
A. The girl was 3000 metres up in the air before the accident happened.
B. The girl told the story about the accident to the news reporter.
C. The girl was the only passenger on board the plane who was alive after the accident.
D. The girl was so lucky that she was not killed in the accident.
A.CCDCD B.CADDB C.BAACC D.CCAC E. ABABB F. BDDAC G. BDBCB
A. BADAC B. BCDC C. DAA D. ACDCB E. ACC F. BB
个性化学科优化学案
目 标 1. 掌握名词的概念及分类
2. 名词复数变化
3. 名词所有格
重 点
难 点 重点：名词复数，名词所有格
教学过程
名词概念：人，事，地，物的名字
名词功用：做主语，补语，宾格
名词分类：
1、 普通名词：book dog spaceship (这里涉及名词的单复数形式，一般有单复数形式，在句子要有复数表现)
2、 集合名词：class family audience (所谓集合名词是指一个名词即可以指一个整体的概念，也可以指整体中某个整体中的个体)
例：My family large.
My family all early risers.
3、专有名词：一般是人名、地名。 Bob Smith April London 等
特征：首字母大写； 不能加冠词， 没有复数表现
前面要加冠词the特殊专有名词：专有的国家名，组织名前面加the.
例：the United Nations the United States
4、物质名词：（一般是表示材料和材质）wood glass paper butter fruit
这类名词一般是不可数名词，没有复数表现。
*数字+容器（度量衡）+of +物质名词
例：1、a loaf/loaves of bread 2、a cup of coffee
3、a sheet/two sheets of paper 4、a spoonful of sugar
a handful of sandan armful wood
5、抽象名词（看不见摸不到的名词）：beauty, honesty, love, patience,happiness,music.(不可数名词，没有复数表现)
二、名词的数
1、可数名词的复数变化规则
① 一般在名词后加s，变成复数。如boy→boys, pen→pens等
②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es。如Class classes, fox→foxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches。但stomach的复数为stomachs
③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es。如baby→babies
④以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个，其中直接加s的有92个，但这些绝大多数不常用，如safe, roof, belief等；把f或fe改为v, 再加e的只有13个，但13个都是常用的名词，如thief, life, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf等。
⑤以o结尾的名词，除有生命的“两人两物”Negro, hero, tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s。如kilo→kilos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos,radio→radios piano→pianos, video→videos
2、不规则变化
foot-feet , child-children goose-geese ox-oxen man-men woman- women tooth-teeth mouse-mice
3.单复同形 fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, Janpanses
one fish 一条鱼 two fish两条鱼
a kind of fish 一种鱼 two kinds of fishes 两种鱼
三、名词所有格
1、概念：表示名词拥有的表现，…的（我的，你的….）
2,结构：单数名词：名词’s/ 复数名词：名词s’
e.g: the boy’s schoolbag / Joan’s dress
e.g: a girls’ school/ these students’ teacher
3.字尾非s结尾的复数n : 名词’s e.g: Children’s playground
*4.需特别注意的所有格用法
* 共同所有格和个别所有格
共同所有格：名词+名词…+名词’s
个别所有格：名词’s +名词’s+…+名词’s
e.g. 1. father is a scientist.
2. fathers are scientists.
* (无) 生物所有格 A的B-B of A
Mr and Mrs Brown’s 布朗夫妇
桌子的腿： the legs of the table
车门： the door of the car
女孩的名字：the name of the girl/ the girl’s name(有生命的直接’s)
省略： 所有格后的名词，如果都知道可以省略
E.g：1. She’s going to the dentist’s .
2. I met him at the barber’s.
3. We like to eat lunch at McDonal’s.
中考连线：
1. --I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.
-- Right. It is one of the in my school.
A.choices B. plans C. hobbies D.rules
2. –Recently I have read manyabout the droughts in the south of China.
-- Oh, the farmers will have a bad harvest this year.
名词专项训练：
5. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomachD. stomachs
6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chickB. chicken C. chickens D. chicks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. suchC. so as D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
9. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate
A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Many B. A great manyC. A great deal of D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. handB. a hand C. hands D. the hands
15. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffeeD. cups coffee
16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly.
A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’ D. Person’s
18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory.
A. shoesB. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today’s newspaper
21. Two ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s C. Julia’s and Mary’s D. Julia’s and Mary
23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone’sB. anyone else C. anyone’s else’s D. anyone else’s
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. setB. one C. copy D. pair
26. Tom usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days.A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. We have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information B. newsC. message D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities⌒枰for the people.
A. clothB. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating B. waysC. knockingD. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character
35. We visited him ____ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me. A. TranslationB. Translate C. The translation D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation B. TranslateC. The translation D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. areD. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looksB. seems C. is D. are
43. “Where ____ my trousers?” the boy asked.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spiritsB. in nice spirit C. in high spiritsD. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. JapaneseB. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses
1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)
My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.
2. asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone.
be asked to do sth. 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.
3. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 She is afraid to ask me questions.
4. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 I am afraid of going out at night.
5. be afraid of sth. 害怕某物 He is afraid of snakes.
6. be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 He was amazed to meet the girl there.
be amazed at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 they were amazed at the news
7. be busy doing/with sth. 忙于做某事 (常考)
e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work.
8. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)
the bus is coming/the dog is dying.
9. be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.
be excited at sth. Lily was excited at his words.
be excited about doing sth. he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.
10. be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse.
11. be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事 she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.
be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事 she was pleased to help the old man yesterday.
be pleased with sth. 对某事感到高兴/满意 the teacher was pleased with my answer.
12. be interested in sth./doing sth. 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣
she is interested in swimming in the river. My brother is interested in Chinese.
13. be/get ready for/to do sth. Be ready for sth. 为某事做好了准备 We are ready for the exam.
Be ready to do sth. 为做某事做好了准备 We are ready to have a birthday party for her.
get ready for sth.为某事在做准备 We are getting ready for the exam.
get ready for sth. 为做某事而做准备13. be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉
14. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇
15. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 (worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考)
16. begin to do sth. begin/start to do/doing sth.
17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth. 有能力购买(供)……
18. can/may/must do sth. could/would/should/might do sth.
19. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
20. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 make up one’s mind to do sth. 下决心去做某事 (常考)
make a decision to do sth. 对做某事作出决定
21. deserve to do sth. 值得/应该做……
22. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做某事
23. enjoy doing sth. 乐意去做某事
24. expect (sb.) to do sth. 期望去做某事
25. fail to do sth. 做某事失败 succeed doing sth. 成功做了某事
26. finish doing sth. 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式) (常考)
27. follow sb to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事
28. get sb. to do sth. make sb. do sth. let sb. do sth.
29. get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb. sth./ sth. to sb. buy/get/bring sb. sth. / sth. for sb.
31. go on to do sth. 继续做事(常考) go on doing sth. 继续做事(常考)
32. hate to do/doing sth. 讨厌/不喜欢做某事
33. have fun doing sth.
34. have problems doing sth. 做某事遇到困难
35. have sb. do sth. have sth. done have sth. to do 有事要做
36. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考) hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事(常见) 37. help to do sth. 帮忙做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
38. hope/wish to do sth. 希望做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
39. I t seems that 这像是……（后接从句） seem to do sth. seem +adj.
40. It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. It’s + adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.
e.g: It’s glad for him to hear the news.
41. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
42. pay …for… cost spend…on…..it take …to do sth.
43. It’s best for sb to do sth.. 对某人来说做某事是最好的
had better do sth. 最好做某事 (注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)
44. It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
45. keep (on)doing sth. 坚持做某事(常考) keep sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事(常考)
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考) keep sb./ sth. +adj.
keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天(不要用borrow或lend)
46. learn to do sth. 学做某事learn sth. from sb. 向某人学习
47. like to do/doing sth. 喜欢做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
48. need to do doing sth./to be doneneed sth . needn’t do sth.
49. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……(常考)
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做……
e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。
prefer to do sth. 喜欢(爱)做某事
50. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做……
51. remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事
52. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 (结果) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中)
be seen to do sth. 做某事被看见
53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西 (词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词)
e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。
54. spend some time (in)doing sth. /on sth. 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考)
spend some money on sth./ doing sth. 买……花了多少钱
55. Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do. 做好某事很难/容易
56. stop to do sth. 停下来去某事(两件事) (常考) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(一件事) (常考)
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考)
57. take turns to do sth. 轮流做……
58. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事 be told to do sth. 被告知不要做某事
59. There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
60. There is no time (for sb.) to do sth. have no time to do sth. 没时间做某事
61. too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… so… that… not… enough to do
e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。
62. try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try to do sth. 试着(图)做某事
63. used to do sth. 过去常做某事( used to be + adj./ a +n)
e.g: Mr. wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。
I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。
64. want/would like to do sth. 想做…… want/would like sb. to do sth. 想某人做……
feel like doing sth. 喜爱做某事(注意like后接动词ing形式
65. warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
66. Why don’t you do sth.? Why not do sth ? 表示建议的句型还有：What How about……? (如果是动词，要用ing形式) Shall we……?
67. Would you like (sb.) to do sth.? Yes, I’d love to.
68. Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？
Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not. (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了)
69. Would you please (not) do sth. 你可不可以不做……？
70. finish doing sth. enjoy doing sth. practise doing sth.be good at doing sth.be good at doing sth. thank you for doing sth. stop doing sth. be good at doing sth. give up doing sth mind doing sth stop sb from doing sthgo on doing sth be busy doing sth see/hear/watch sb doing sthfeel like doing sthhate doing sth like doing sth do well in doing sthbe afraid of doing sth be interested in doing sth make a contribution to sth/doing sth
71. 非延续性动词(终止性动词)1) buy---have(has)had 2) borrow---have(has)kept 3) leave---have(has)been away 4) go ---have(has)been away/in… 5) come ---have(has)here/in…6) die ---have(has)been dead
7) join---have(has)been a member of/in… 8) begin---have(has)on 9) stop---have(has)been over 例如： 他的狗死了3天了。: His dog has been dead for three days. It is three days since his dog died.
His dog died three days ago.
72. 感官动词：(主动语态不带to) 1.hear/see/watch sb do sth 或 2. hear/see/watch sb doing sth
1)We often hear him sing the song. 2)I saw him swimming in the river just now.
被动语态带to: He is often heard to sing the song.
役使动词： (主动语态不带to) make/let sb do sth. His father often makes him do this and that.
被动语态带to: He is often made to do this and that by his father.