英语语法动词时态详解(通用5篇)

时态是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式,在英语中有16种时态。为大家精心整理了英语语法动词时态详解(通用5篇),希望能够给予您一些参考与帮助。

英语语法动词时态详解 篇1

时态是一种语法范畴,是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。

谓语动词的时态决定了整句的时态。

时间有四个主要部分,即现在,过去,将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种,即一般,完成,进行和完成进行。将这些时间与动作方面组合在一起,即构成16种时态。如下:

现在 : 一般现在时 I work

现在完成时 I have worked

现在进行时 I am working

现在完成进行时 I have been working

过去 : 一般过去时 I worked

过去完成时 I had worked

过去进行时 I was working

过去完成进行时 I had been working

将来时态: 一般将来 I shall work

将来完成 I shall have worked

将来进行 I shall be working

将来完成进行 I shall have been working

过去将来 : 一般过去将来 I should work

过去将来完成 I should have worked

过去将来进行 I should be working

过去将来完成 I should have been working

四个动作方面各有其特点,现在分述如下:

1.一般方面:

用以叙述一单纯事实,时间可以不具体

动态动词的一般方面常表动作已经完成。

2.完成反面

用以表达一个动作已经完成

身夸两个时间,动作发生于前一个时间。但说话人的兴趣一般在后一个时间

3.进行方面

表示动作在一时段进行,说话人的兴趣一般不在动作何时开始,何时结束。而在于他所关心的时点上。

往往是提出一种情景,故描述性强,比较生动。

4.完成进行方面

兼有完成与进行两个方面的特点也有夸两个时间,但二者往往相距不远。

动词的四种时态 篇2

(1)一般现在时:

一般现在时的构成

1、 be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

2、 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词+s的变化规则

1、一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2、以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(2)一般过去时:

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般将来时:

基本结构:

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天)。 = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

动词的四种时态 篇3

不及物动词不能用于被动语态

如appear,rise,die,happen,belong to,break out,take place等。

Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)

Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (正)

我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。

表示状态的动词不用于被动语态

如lack,fit,mean,hold,have,cost,contain,become,last,possess,consist of,look like等。

The book costs 10 yuan.这本书花了10元钱。

What’s become of her?她怎么了?

主动形式表被动的几种情况

(1)某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义,如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等。

The flower smells sweet.花闻起来很香。

The dish tastes delicious.菜吃起来非常可口。

(2)在主语是物的句子里,有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这些词后常有副词修饰。常用的这类动词有

sell,read,write,wear,wash,open,clean,cook,keep,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,run,record,begin,shut等。

This type of recorder sells well.

这种型号的录音机销路很好。

H e doesn’t photograph well.他不太上相。

This kind of shirt cleans easily.这种衬衫容易洗干净。

(3)动名词主动形式表示被动意义

通常是事物(也可以是人)作want,need, require,deserve等动词的主语时,表示事物(或人)客观上“需要……”,用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的,后面还应有相应的介词。

The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。

这种用法还可把动名词改为动词不定式的被动形式来表被动。

The children need to be looked after.

(4)在作表语的某些形容词(easy,difficult,light,heavy,fit,good,safe,comfortable,dangerous,pleasant等)后作状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

She is easy to approach.她平易近人。

The rock is hard to break.这块岩石很难打碎。

不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略

在主动语态中,如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词,这个动词前往往不用to,但在被动语态中要带to。

I saw her pass by the window.我看见她从窗边经过。

She was seen to pass by the window.她被看见从窗边经过。

get (got)+过去分词也可构成被动语态

get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress等动词的过去分词连用,构成被动语态。

John and Jane got married last month.

上个月,约翰和简结婚了。

They got caught in the storm.他们碰上暴风雨了。

1、 Daniel’s family________their holiday in Huangsh an this time next week.

A.are enjoying B.are to enjoy

C.will enjoy D.will be enjoying

【解析】句意为:丹尼尔一家人下个星期的这个时候肯定正在黄山度假。根据this time next week判断,选用将来进行时will be doing。

【答案】 D

2、 My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa.

A.have left B.leave

C.left D.will leave

【解析】句意为:我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。不定式to come to see me表示的是将来动作,before引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时。

【答案】 B

3.During the period of recent terrorist activities,people________not to touch any unattended bag.

A.had always been warned

B.were always being warned

C.are always warning

D.always warned

【解析】句意为:在最近恐怖活动期间,人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包。be always doing sth.总是做某事,表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪。人们是“被警告”,要用被动语态。

【答案】 B

4.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________rising steadily since 1997.

A.is B.are

C.has been D.have been

【解析】句意为:在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来稳步上升。“the number of+n.”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式;由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。

【答案】 C

5、 —Ann is in hospital.

—Oh,really?I________know.I________go and visit her.

A.didn’t;am going to B.don’t;would

C.don’t;will D.didn’t;will

【解析】句意为:——Ann在住院。——哦,真的吗?我还不知道呢。我要去看望她。这里讲的I didn’t know指的是在对方还没告知Ann在住院这件事之前,我不知道,所以用一般过去时;第二个空用will指的是事先未经计划或安排的“意愿,打算”。

【答案】 D

6、 —Hi,Torry,can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

—Sorry.________.

A.It’s repaired

B.It has been repaired

C.It’s being repaired

D.It had been repaired

【解析】句意为:——嗨,Torry,今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗?——真抱歉,电脑正在修理。该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修,需用现在进行时的被动语态。

【答案】 C

7、—What do you think of the movie?

—It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I________the beginning of it.

A.missed B.had missed

C.miss D.would miss

【解析】句意为:——你觉得这部电影怎么样?——太棒了。唯一可惜的是,我错过了开头部分。错过开头部分对于现在而言是发生在过去的事情,故选A。

【答案】 A

8、 His sister left home in 1998,and________since.

A.had not been heard of

B.has not been heard of

C.had not heard of

D.has not heard of

【解析】句意为:他妹妹在1998年离开家,从那以后就没了音讯。根据句意,指的是过去离开以后,到现在一直没音讯,故用现在完成时;hear of与his sister在本句中为被动关系,故用被动语态,所以选B。

【答案】 B

9、 According to the literary review,Shakespeare________his characters live through their language in his plays.

A.will make B.had made

C.was making D.makes

【解析】句意为:这篇文学评论说,莎士比亚使他剧中的人物通过语言鲜活起来。本句考查时态,当介绍一种理论时,常用一般现在时。

【答案】 D

10.Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair_______ _all you speak to her now?

A.phones B.has phoned

C.has been pho ning D.phoned

【解析】句意为:打扰了,Marcia,一名Vanity Fair的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以接她的电话吗?根据句意和时间状语all day可知,此句需用现在完成进行时表示说话人的一种情感,如:不满,抱怨,责备等。注意,现在完成时表示到目前为止动作可能已经结束,侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。

【答案】 C

11、—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?

—Terry?Never!She________tents and fresh air!

A.has hated B.hated

C.will hate D.hates

【解析】结合题意可知此处应用一般现在时表示她的习惯,她讨厌帐篷和新鲜的空气。

【答案】 D

12、—Got your driving license?

—No.I________too busy to have enough practice,so I didn’t take the driving test last week.

A.was B.am

C.have been D.had been

【解析】考查时态。根据句中so I didn’t take the driving test last week可知说话人过去一直很忙而没有进行足够的练习,以至于没有参加上周的驾照考试。发生在过去的动作“take”之前,因此应该用过去完成时。

【答案】 D

13、(2010届成都玉林中学月考)He will have learned English for eight years by the time he________from the university next year.

A.will graduate B.will have graduated

C.graduates D.is to graduate

【解析】考查时态。by the time引导的是时间状语从句,而本句的主句是将来时,所以从句用一般现在时表示将来。

【答案】 C

14.I________in London for many years,but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.

A.lived B.have lived

C.had lived D.was living

【解析】 “我在伦敦生活了很多年”只是对过去的一般叙述,过去的动作并没有对现在造成影响,故用一般过去时。

【答案】 A

15、—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?

—Sorry,I________.Would you please say it again?

A.hadn’t listened B.wouldn’t listen

C.wasn’t listening D.didn’t listen

【解析】考查时态。从本题的语境来看,说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议,因此,使用过去进行时,表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。

【答案】 C

16.Although many measures________,the world’s economy is still going down.

A.were taken B.have been taken

C.will be taken D.are taken

【解析】考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响,所以用现在完成时;take与measures之间构成动宾关系,所以要用被动语态。

【答案】 B

17、 Since the beginning of the vacation,I__ ____across the country,and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.

A.had traveled B.will travel

C.have been traveling D.was traveling

【解析】考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since+过去的时间点,结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,并可能持续下去。

【答案】 C

18.Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.

A.have been affected B.have affected

C.are affected D.affect

【解析】考查动词的时态语态。句意为:政府正在试图控制感染H1N1流感的人的数量。人们被感染流感,用sb.be affected by sth.结构,这里说的是现在的一般情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。

【答案】 C

19、(2010年长春第一次调研)—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.

—Impossible.She________the Internet with me i n my home then.

A.surfed B.had surfed

C.would surf D.was surfing

【解析】考查时态。根据对话内容可知,昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在和我一起上网,因此用过去进行时。

【答案】 D

20、(2010年上海春招)The employees________that they should renew their contracts within a week.

A.advise B.have advised

C.are advised D.had been advised

【解析】考查动词的语态。语意:(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意,The employees与advise为动宾关系,所以应该用被动结构,故选C项。

【答案】 C

21、(2010届抚顺一中第一次同步考试)With the help of high technologh,more and more new substances________in the past years.

A.discovered

B.have discovered

C.had been discovered

D.have been discovered

【解析】考查时态和语态。由句中的时间状语in the past years可知,这里应用现在完成时;句子的主语new substances与discover之间为动宾关系,故选D项。

【答案】 D

22、(2010届成都联考)—Look!Everything here is under construction.

—What’s the pretty small house that________for?

A.is being built B.has been built

C.is built D.is building

【解析】考查时态和语态。语意表明从句中用现在进行时,名词house是动词build的承受者,所以谓语用现在进行时的被动语态。第二句语意为:正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用来做什么的?

【答案】 A

23、(2010届江西高安中学月考)—Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai?

—Yes,I tried to find my way to the airport but________.

A.has been lost B.get lost

C.lost D.got lost

【解析】前面的问句以及tried暗示时态应为一般过去时,因此选got lost。

【答案】 D

24、(2010届皖南八校联考)We’ve been told the good news,but when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation________yet.

A.are not discussed

B.have not been discussed

C.is not being discussed

D.has not been discussed

【解析】后一分句的主语为when and where to go for the exciting paid vacation,表示的是一件事,谓语动词用单数形式,由此排除A、B两项。根据句末的yet可知应该用完成时,即这件事还没有被讨论。

【答案】 D

25、(2010年西安质量检测)We haven’t moved into the new office building—it________right now.

A.is decorating B.has been decorated

C.is being decorated D.has been decorating

【解析】考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知,应用现在进行时;又依据语意可知,房子正在(被)装修,因此选C。

【答案】 C

动词的四种时态 篇4

一般现在时

主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。

例句:

He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.

She has a brother who lives in New York.

The earth goes around the sun.

Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。

I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary

school.

考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:

时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/

the minute, the day;

条件:if, unless, provided.

If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.

考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.

只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验。

考点四:在the more… the more… (越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。

The harder you study, the better results you will get.

现在进行时

表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。

例句:

We are having English class.

The house is being built these days.

The little boy is always making trouble.

考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。

Look out when you are crossing the street.

Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.

考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。

Marry is leaving on Friday.

现在完成时

表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。

现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。

考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点

They have lived in Beijing for five years.

They have lived in Beijing since 1995.

I have learned English for ten years.

考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately; recently, just, already, yet,up to now; till now; so far, these days,

Has it stopped raining yet ?

考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词+that” 后面跟现在完成时。

This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

That is the only book that he has written.

一般过去时

表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,

如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war;

before; a few days ago; when

考点一:used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。

to为不定式,后接动词原形。

be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于。

He used to smoke a lot.

He has got used to getting up early.

考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.

过去进行时

表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

例句:

The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from

work.

He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone

shouted for help.

What were you doing at nine last night?

The radio was being repaired when you called me.

过去完成时

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用

( before, after, by, up till)

例句:

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.

By the end of last term we had finished the book.

They finished earlier than we had expected.

考点一:用于hardly/scarcely.。.when; no sooner 。.。than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)

考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

It was three years since we had parted.

考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

I had hoped that I could do the job.

I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

一般将来时

表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。

例句:

Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.

考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中

We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.

(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)

考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。

I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

考点三:“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。

Use your head and you will find a way.

考点四:“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。

“am (is, are) about to +动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。

“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。

They are to be married in this May.

将来进行时

表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。

例句:

I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.

The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.

将来完成时

表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。

考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。

如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next

year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.

By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived

back from school.

动词的语态

一般用于强调受者, 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考。

考点一:不能用于被动语态的'动词和词组

come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur,

belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed

例句:

It took place before liberation.

考点二:下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。

lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 );

blame (责备);ride (乘坐);write ( 写 );

Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。

The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。

The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。

The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。

考点三:一些常用经典被动句型:

It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…, It is expected…, It is estimated…,

这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”,而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说:It was believed…, It was thought 。.。。

英语语法动词时态详解 篇5

一、概念:

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时。

二、相关知识点精讲

1.一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday.例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了” ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:

I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词 could, would.例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

3.一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month.这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

4. 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

5. 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

6. 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。

7. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

8. 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time…… that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

9.过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去

其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的`宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

10. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

11.将来完成时

1) 构成will have done

2) 概念

a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了

12现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法:

a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

13. 过去进行时

1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

14. 将来进行时

1) 概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如:

She'll be coming soon. 她会很快来的。

I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。

注意:将来进行时不用于表示“意志”,不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.

2)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如:By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此时,我正躺在海滩上呢。

15. 一般现在时代替一般将来时

When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:

He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。

16. 一般现在时代替一般过去时

1 ) “书上说”,“报纸上说”等。例如:

The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。

2) 叙述往事,使其生动。例如:

Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了

17. 一般现在时代替现在完成时

1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如:

I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。

I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。

2) 用句型 " It is … since…“代替”It has been … since …"。例如:

It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了。

18. 一般现在时代替现在进行时。

在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如:

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

19. 现在进行时代替将来时

1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如:

Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?

We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。

2) 渐变动词,如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如:

He is dying. 他要死了。

20.时态一致

1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时。例如:

At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的。

He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。

2) 宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare 的时态是不变的。例如:

He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。

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