最新说课稿ppt【精选9篇】

范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?这里我整理了一些优秀的范文,希望对大家有所帮助,的小编精心为您带来了最新说课稿ppt【精选9篇】,如果能帮助到您,小编的一切努力都是值得的。

说课稿ppt 篇1

我说课的题目是《电脑绘画-椭圆工具》。

本节课是北京市义务教育课程改革实验教材《信息技术》教材第一册第二单元第3课的内容。本单元主要介绍“画图” 软件中椭圆工具的使用方法,使同学们了解“画图”软件的应用,并能运用它制作简单的电脑绘画作品,前几节课中学生已初步掌握了“画图”中一些工具的使用方法,本节课是原有基础的一次提高课,主要学习椭圆工具的使用方法,具有较高的实用价值。

根据《中小学信息技术课程指导纲要(试行)》通知中关于小学阶段的教学目标与内容安排进行内容的安排,本节课以任务驱动为主要教学方法进行教学设计。本节课的教学目标是让学生学会在椭圆工具的使用方法能够熟练、灵活地美化自己的作品。通过学习,培养学生的创新意识和创新能力以及自主学习的习惯;通过对自己及他人作品的评价,激发学生学习信息技术的主动性和创造性。 根据以上的教学目标,我把教学重点定位在教学重点:让学生掌握椭圆工具的使用方法。

教学难点:配合使用shift健,画出圆形。

针对本节课的教学目标,在教学中以任务驱动教学法为主,根据学生不能在机房上课,主要采取教师边讲授,学生边练习的教学方式进行教学,这样不仅使学生学习目标明确,使学生在课堂上能生动、有趣中学习。

(三)教学目标

依据教材的安排意图和学生现有的知识水平,我确定了以下教学目标

认知目标:学生学会用画出椭圆形和圆形。

能力目标:通过教学,培养学生发现问题、解决问题的能力,提升学生的操作技能,帮助学生养成良好的学习习惯;通过作品展示提高学生的自我创新的能力。

情感目标:在不断尝试中激发学生的求知欲;

(四)教学重难点

教学重点:让学生掌握椭圆工具的使用方法。

教学难点:配合使用shift健,画出圆形。

(五)教学过程:

首先复习上一节课学习过的内容,使用“矩形工具”可以画出矩形,配合shift键还能画出正方形。引出本节课的内容:椭圆工具。演示板书:椭圆工具:(1)画椭圆:选择工具箱内的椭圆工具,(2)画圆:按住shift键,同时按住鼠标。让学生知道:椭圆工具的用途,这是本节课的学习内容。按着教师讲使用方法。再用椭圆工具画一些日常用品,如汽球、杯子等。然后找几个学生到前面练习操作。

学生初步掌握椭圆工具的使用要领后, 然后趁热打铁,打开上节课图案画了一幅面“美丽的家园”,并对同学们说:“同学们,运用你们所学会的知识,今天,我们将继续画这幅画,让我们的家园更漂亮。蓝天中有白云,我们上节课已尼学习了白云的方法:使用铅笔工具,选择白色,画出一朵白云,填充白色。使用橡皮工具,擦出白色。让学生操作演示。还有一种方法,用今天学习的“椭圆”工具。教师讲操作过程:

①鼠标指向“椭圆”将光标并单击,选择“椭圆”工具,

②鼠标指向“颜料盒”, 并单击,选择白色,

③鼠标移入画图区,画出椭圆形白云,

④选择“填充”工具,填充白色。

学生练习:画椭圆形白云。

使用“椭圆”工具画太阳。

问:教师为什么能画出这么标准的圆?有什么技巧?

“椭圆”工具画太阳。shift+椭圆

学生练习天空中飘着一个椭圆形汽球

我们学习了用椭圆画白云、用“椭圆”工具画太阳,我们的家园更美丽了,我一定要好好的学习文化知识,将来长大了让我们的家园更美丽

这幅画中的环境真好,你爱在这里吗?我们也要爱护我们周围的在今后的课中,我们将继续学习更多的计算机知识,同时也让我们的环境更美好。

四、课堂检测:

(1)画椭圆时,应选择工具箱中的( )工具。

a. b. c.

(2)画圆时,应同时按住( )键。

a. ctrl b. shift c. alt

本节课通过以上的检测,学生都学会了本节课的知识。不足是绝大多数学习只能听,没有动手练的机会。

说课稿ppt 篇2

1、教材分析:<<麦琪的礼物>>是第四单元的第一篇文章,本课教材篇幅较长、内容较多,不过作者在情节上的构思和人物刻画上的技巧尤为突出。

2、学习目标:根据教学大纲的要求,本课时抓住了以下学习目标:(1)领会构思之巧妙。(2)学习主人公纯洁、善良、关爱他人的优良品德。

1、教法:采取边讲边讨论,启发诱导的教学方法,通过多媒体辅助教学,激发学生学习兴趣。()

2、学法:教学活动是教和学的双边相互促进活动。在上述教学方法的指导下,学生能联系自己的知识积极主动参与。

良好的教学设想,须通过教学实践来实现。

(一)导入新课:同学们在圣诞节来临之前,你是否在想送朋友一件什么礼物?以及什么样的礼物最珍贵呢?刚好我这有一个发生在圣诞节前夕,一对恩爱但生活拮据的小夫妻互赠礼物故事,读后你也许会从中受益。大家愿意知道吗?好!今天我们就一起来学习这个故事。

(三)研习新课:

1、概述故事情节(检查学生对课文内容的整体把握)

2、探讨悬念、巧合的运用。

作者在情节安排上,一开始就给读者以阅读上的等待—— 悬念。简要说说这篇小说的悬念在哪里?

1、德拉一定得给杰姆买圣诞礼物,可是,贫穷的她怎样才能弄到钱呢?(悬念初起)后来德拉卖掉了夫妻俩引以为豪的头发,用卖发得来的钱,为杰姆买了一条表链,并在家中期待着杰姆的到来。我们一定会以为杰姆回家后看到表链很高兴。可是杰姆一进门就盯着德拉,露出一种“摸不透的表情”,这是为什么?(悬念再生)当杰姆听到德拉剪了长发而买了一件“美丽的礼物”后,多次向妻子发问:“你把头发剪掉了?”“你说你的头发没有了?”读到这里,我们不免心生疑惑:难道杰姆不爱她了?(悬念接踵而来)继续读下去才知道,原来是杰姆给德拉买了用来装饰长发的成套发梳,如今德拉的长发却没有了,难怪他追问不休。杰姆哪里来的钱呢?(悬念又起)直到最后,读者方才明白:原来是杰姆卖了另一件引以为豪的东西心爱的怀表,才给妻子买回了成套的发梳。

2、时间:圣诞节快到了,按照习俗,一对恩爱的小夫妻要互赠礼物。

主人公的经济条件:他们生活拮据,能够换来钱的只有妻子美丽的长发,丈夫祖传的金表。他们只好卖掉长发和金表,买来白金表链和发梳。结果两人珍贵的礼物均变成了无用的东西。

夫妇之间的感情:苦难的生活并没有消磨尽他们纯真的爱情。他们为了对方勇于自我牺牲,无私奉献。所以才会卖掉自己珍爱的东西,给对方买礼物。

时间上圣诞节要送礼物、夫妻感情相爱要送礼物表达心意,但经济上拮据就只好卖掉了各自最珍贵的东西。(说明:通过探讨分析,使学生发自内心的感叹作者在情节上构思巧妙,并且在自己的日常写作中受到些许启发。)

小结:这是本堂课的一个学习重点。

3、人物品德:

虽然双方的礼物都变成了无用的东西,但让人觉得这并不只是一个令人遗憾的结局,我们从“贫贱夫妻百事哀”的痛苦中,分明还能感到些许心慰,这心慰是什么?(夫妻之间真心相爱)小说是怎样刻画的?学生在文中找出描写人物句子来分析其中蕴含的意义。

俗话说:语言是心理再现,找出28-44自然段的人物语言,搬上舞台,分角色对话,再现文中精彩。

小结:透过这一个个耐人寻味的描写,字里行间我们分明读到的是德拉、杰姆之间最纯洁、最真挚的爱情。为了爱他们卖掉了自己最心爱的东西,为了爱有的甚至可以牺牲生命。

4、扣题:

作者在故事情节的叙述中通过悬念和巧合的运用,主要是为了表达一个什么样的主题呢?(他们二人之间那种相濡以沫的爱)

小结:作者称他们是聪明的麦琪,那么这礼物无疑就是神圣的充满爱心的“麦琪的礼物”了。

(四)拓展:

世界之所以让我们感觉美丽、温暖是因为有爱的存在那么人世间的爱是否只有爱情这一种呢?若不是还有哪些?(母爱、父爱、师爱、友爱、对祖国的爱、对人民的爱、对大自然的爱等等)

(电脑出示:知识积累和说话练习:

说出体现“爱” 的词语、诗句或名言。

请用一句话来表达自己对“爱的理解”,格式如下:“爱是冬日的暖阳,它使人感到无限的温暖”。)

小结:人生活在世上,不可能没有爱,人始终生活在爱的海洋中。人世间需要你我共同付出爱,美好的世界需要你、我、他、我们大家共同来创建。

切记:爱不在嘴里,不在头上,更不在脚下,它在我们的心中,在我们时刻关爱他人的行动中。()

(五)布置作业:

1.课下继续阅读课文,分析人物形象并体味语言。

2、这篇小说的结局是杰姆卖掉了祖传的金表为德拉买了一套全套的发梳,发挥你的想像为本文重新设计一个结局。

要求:1、不改变主人公之间的感情。

2、字数不超过300字。

说课稿ppt 篇3

1、本课内容:

义务教育阶段,数学的学习内容包括“数与代数”、“图形与几何”、“综合与实践”,本节课就“图形与几何”进行讲解。根据大纲要求,有关本节课内容需要会画直棱柱、圆柱、圆锥、球的主视图、左视图、俯视图;能判断简单物体的视图,并会根据视图描述简单的几何体。

本节课的教学重点:理解三视图,并掌握三视图的画法。

本节课的教学难点:几何体与其三视图之间的相互转化。

2.在教材中的位置:

《三视图》是人教版九年级下册第二十九章《投影与视图》第二节的教学内容,通过本节课的学习,为高中进一步学习空间几何打下基础。

1、学生已有知识基础包括:平行投影、正投影、中心投影以及空间几何体结构特征。

2、本班学生课堂学习积极性高,好奇心强,具有一定的探究能力,但抽象思维能力薄弱,在课堂教学中应重点突破。

1.通过探究与学习,理解视图、三视图的概念,掌握三视图画法,能够进行三视图与几何图之间的转化。

2.感受从不同方向观察同一物体可能看到不一样的结果,培养学生全面观察的能力。通过对三视图的分析,(采用实物模型)以小组探究的方法掌握三视图的基本画法,促使学生的思维活动外显,提高学生的合作探究能力。

3.通过三种视图才能确定一物体,启发学生认识问题要从多个角度进行分析。

1、教法:

根据新课程教学理念,要求以学生为中心,教师要注重引导与启发,所以在教学过程中采用讨论法和体验学习教学法,通过师生互动、生生合作,使学生在动手动脑动口过程中,积极参与课堂教学活动,掌握学习重点。由于本节课知识相对较抽象,而学生抽象思维能力薄弱,所以在教授过程中采用直观的演示法来突破知识抽象性这一难点。对于较简单的理论概念,教师为保证课堂教学效率,采用讲授法。

2、学法:本着以学生为本的教学理念,为了尽力让所有学生都参与到课堂中,成为课堂的“主角”,同时也为了培养学生的合作探究能力,在学画三视图时进行小组讨论探究学习。

1.导入新知:

以古诗《题西林壁》导入(横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同)。

【设计意图】切入主题,激发学习兴趣,另外也能展现学科间并不是孤立的,有其互益性,数学也可以充满文学是色彩

2、讲解“视图”的概念

结合上次课所学的“正投影”的概念延伸到“视图”的概念。

【设计意图】新知与旧知结合,建立知识之间的联系,便于学生理解

3、用图片展示三视图在生活中和工程设计中的应用,引导学生发现通过三个方向的视图,就可以确定一物体,引出对三视图的研究。

【设计意图】让学生感受数学来源于生活,激发学生对数学学习的兴趣,引导学生发现三视图的组成

4、通过直观的动画演示,说明三视图的形成过程,与此同时讲解“主视图”、“左视图”和“俯视图”的概念;将三种视图之间的位置关系(长对正、高平齐、宽相等)及大小关系的推演过程展示出来。

【设计意图】学生的抽象思维能力薄弱,用直观的动画演示来完成这一教学内容,便于学生理解知识

5、本节课重点内容为掌握简单几何体的三视图画法,通过小组合作探究的方法来完成重点内容的学习。将学生分为十组,每组4-5人,将“四棱柱”“三棱柱”“圆柱”“圆锥”、“球体”的实物模型分发给各组,其中每两个组所发模型相同,向学生说明任务要求。

活动任务:小组成员讨论,探索如何将立体图的三视图画出来。五分钟之后,从所画立体图相同的两个小组选出一组将小组成员讨论出的三视图画到黑板上,另一组在此过程中仔细观察,并对其进行评价。

根据学生所画三视图情况,引导学生总结画三视图的步骤(正投影、找位置、定尺寸)及应注意的问题。

老师重点说明画三视图时的细节问题,如看不见的边用虚线表示、尺寸的确定与实物一一对应(严谨性),总结寻找画几何体三视图的规律(柱体的主视图和左视图都为矩形、圆柱和圆锥的俯视图都为圆形,但圆锥俯视图中间有一黑点、球的三视图都为圆形)。

【设计意图】画三视图是本节课的教学重点,小组合作探究一方面可以加深学生对这一知识点的理解,另一方面,可以培养学生合作探究的能力

6、在ppt中由逆推法逐一呈现主视图、主视图+左视图和主视图+左视图+俯视图,让学生说出相对应的几何体,训练学生由视图到立体图的转换能力,进一步说明确定一个立体图形需要三种视图来描述。

【设计意图】几何体与三视图之间的转化是本节课的难点,用逆推法循序渐进地让学生掌握由三视图判断几何体的方法,易于学生接受

7、课堂小结

视图的概念

三视图的概念

三视图的位置关系及大小关系

画三视图的步骤

【设计意图】梳理归纳本节课知识点,让学生对知识形成系统的认识,加深记忆

8、情感价值观教育

猜猜他们是什么关系?

看问题不能只看单方面,同学之间相处也是一样的,要从很多方面看待同学,从不同的角度看待问题,这样你看到每个人都有很多优点。

【设计意图】培养学生多角度、全面看待问题的思维模式

1、教师通过观察学生的课堂表现及反馈情况,以及学生小组讨论后所画三视图的情况,判断学生对本节课的掌握情况

2、小组合作探究环节,加入了小组之间互评的评价方式

本节课遵循“以教师为主导,以学生为主体”的教学原则,重视发展学生的抽象思维,把课堂交给学生,让学生亲自经历和体验知识的获取过程,提高学生的合作探究能力和创新精神。

1、打破学科界限,将语文与数学,工程学与数学相结合

2、将课堂与生活相联系,化抽象为具体

3、将信息技术灵活的运用到课堂教学中,辅助教学活动的开展

4、从学生的实际出发,在分组讨论过程中,根据学生的学习水平分配相应的任务,如将较简单的画出“球体”的三视图分给能力稍差的小组

说课稿数学 说课稿ppt 篇4

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说课稿ppt 篇6

各位评委、各位领导、老师们:

大家好!今天我说课的题 目是《绿色网络,伴我成长—— 一目了然看图表 》。

本课是 初中 的信息技术 教材 七年级下学期 第二单元第六课 内容 。 它 是 本单元中 的最后一课,让学生感受到所学知识在实际生活中所能发挥的巨大作用,将本单元学习推向了一个新层次。

我根据吉林省颁布的《中小学信息技术指导纲要》 我 确定了如下的教学目标及重点难点。

1 、体验利用电子表格整理、分析信息的基本过程,掌握表格处理信息的方法。

2 、通过对学生上网程度调查问卷的整理、分析, 培养学生整理、分析数据的能力。

通过主动整理、教师演示、任务驱动,让学生学会科学的学习方法,在完成任务中主动探究。

学生深刻的认识到科学上网,安全上网,远离网瘾,增强信息意识。

表格数据的整理。

合理选择图表类型分析数据,解读信息背后的信息,生成新的信息。

本课的教学对象是初一学生,学生在以前学习中已经熟练掌握了电子表格的基本操作,而图表是建立在数据的基础上的,有了前面良好的基础,图表的操作将会相对容易些。

课件 powerpoint 、还需要 excel 文件 3 个(调查问卷表、调查问卷汇总表、竞赛包含 4 个研究表,每个研究表四组各选其一) 及 学案,采用“速龙多媒体网络教室”将文件传到每台学生机。

在教学中,采用多种教学方法:调查问卷法 ,操作演示法,巡回指导法,任务驱动法,小组合作法,对教学内容进行阐述。

本课教给学生的学法是 “ 接受任务 —— 思考讨论 —— 合作 探究 —— 一展风采 ” 。学生在完成任务的过程中不知不觉实现知识的传递、迁移和融合。

课前对学生分组,根据班级实际情况,分成四组, 每一组 选派一名学生为小组长

(一)“调查问卷 ”导入新课

设计意图: 鼓舞学生敞开心扉认真填写问卷, 学生进入教师所创设的教学情境,如何帮助青少年摆脱网瘾,成为全社会越来越关注的问题,贯穿于本课的始终, 把问题融入生活中,避免单一的教教材。

(二) 自主探究 ,获取新知

设计意图是: 让学生自己摸索, 在实践中掌握基本技能, 培养动手能力。 同 时对“结论”分析,掌握班级网瘾状况, 进行情感教育 。

(三)小组竞赛 ,教学评价

设计意图: 在师生、生生互动 中 , 进一步体现四种常见图表类型及功能,同时 体现了学生团结协作的精神, 体验成功的喜悦 。

(四) 课堂总结,巩固新知

设计意图:知识巩固,再现重难点,激发学生学习积极性 。

(五)展示作品,拓展延伸

利用图表反应数据统计问题应用于各个领域,电子表格还有很多其它的高级制图功能, 展示作品,激发学生的求知欲。

总之,本课的 教学设计理念 是: 采用 “ 学生主体,教师主导 ” 的教学模式和师生交往 、 积极互动、共同发展的 教学理念,体现了以学生为中心,以任务为载体,以操作为手段,以发现为宗旨,以感悟为目的的教学理念。使同学们 对枯燥的电子表格有一全新的认识 。 圆满地完成了本课的教学任务!让每个学生尝到成功的`喜悦。 我的说课到这里就结束了,请评委老师多加指导!

说课稿数学 说课稿ppt 篇7

“圆的认识”是九年义务教育六年制小学数学第十一册第四单元“圆”中的第一节课。这节课的内容包括:圆的特征、圆心、直径和半径。

“圆的认识”是在学生直观认识圆和已经较系统地认识了平面上直线图形的基础上进行教学的。它是学习曲线图形的开始。它与“圆的周长和面积”、“轴对称图形”的学习关系十分密切。所以正确树立圆的表象,掌握圆的特征,是本课的首要任务。

根据教学内容、教学大纲要求以及学生的认识特点、年龄特征确定本节课的教学目标为:感性目标:使学生认识圆,掌握圆的特征;理解和掌握在同一个圆里半径和直径的关系。

理性目标:让学生通过观察、实验、等数学活动过程认识圆,进一步发展空间观念和初步的探索能力,感受到圆的美。

本节课的教学重点是掌握圆的特征;理解同圆或等圆中半径和直径的关系。因为这是今后系统地学习“圆”的知识的重要基础。

根据教学内容知识间的内在联系和学生的认知规律,遵循教学有法,教无定法,贵在得法的原则:

1、根据本节课的教学内容及学生的认识水平和认知规律,这节课采用演示、操作等直观方法进行教学。通过教师的教具演示和学生的画、折、量等动手操作,使学生获得充足的、丰富的感性材料。在充分感知的基础上,通过叙述操作过程,把感知经过思维转化为表象,并在教师的指导下,抽象概括出圆心、半径、直径等概念。

2、在教学中充分利用学生生活中的问题,引导学生通过自主学习去思考问题,掌握知识。认识圆的特征,探索求圆的特征的方法,使学生在自主的活动中学会学习。

进行了如下设计:

(闭眼联想)八月十五,中秋,全家人团聚一起,品月饼,赏圆月当空。门前是一片平静的湖面,一滴水从上面滴入后,在水面上荡一圈圈水纹。在这一句话中你感觉到这些景色美吗?那些事物与景色与本节课内容有关?

1、初步感知圆

首先让学生举例说明生活中哪些物体的形状是圆的。让学生初步从生活中感知圆,培养空间想像能力, 形成正确表象——圆是一种平面上的曲线图形。

(1)找圆心

首先让学生把事先准备好的圆形纸对折后打开,用笔和直尺把折痕画出来,并在圆形纸的其他位置上重复上面的折纸活动二、三次。操作后,问:“你发现了什么?”学生亲手操作后,发现所有的折痕都会相交于一点。这些折痕都相交于一点,正好在圆的正中心,我们数学上把这一点叫作圆心,用字母“o”来表示。设计意图:通过学生的直观操作,使学生的学习过程“动作化”,调动学生多种感官参与学习,并有意设置一些认知冲突,让学生积极主动地参与知识的形成过程。

(2)认识半径、直径,采取学生独立与文本对话,教师组织学生分析关键字眼的方法进行。设计意图:培养学生阅读文本,对话文本能力。

(3)半径和直径的关系

分组讨论利用“研究发现单”定出研究目标,在一个圆里,半径和直径有什么关系?通过测量和比较,让学生理解和掌握在同一个圆里半径和直径之间的关系,让学生用含有字母的式子表示半径是直径的一半、直径是半径的2倍关系。得出d = 2r与r = 2/d的字母公式,并在练习中通过填表强调了圆内半径与直径的对应关系,还要求学生在圆内一些线段中,找出半径和直径。 设计意图:合理发挥学生的主体作用,让学生动脑、动手、动口、动眼,自主探索知识的形成与发展,并及时巩固学习成果。

练习是巩固新知,形成技能的重要手段,对学生的创新思维能力的培养起着举足轻重的作用,这一部分可通过一些拔高练习达到知识的进一步深化。有机地配合新知的学习,讲练结合,最大限度地发挥习题发展学生思维能力的作用

1、课后作业88页1—4

2、判断题。(对的打“√”,错的打“×”)

经过圆心的线段都是直径。()

所有连结圆上两点之间的线段中,直径最长。()

直径是4厘米的圆比半径是2厘米的圆大。( )

3、猴子造车,一辆轮子是方的,一辆轮子是圆的。

通过“这节课你学会了哪些知识?你最大的收获是什么?你还有什么知识要提出来?”来使学生进一步内化所学的知识,自主地完善自己的认知结构。

板书设计: 圆的认识

圆心:用字母“o”表示。

直径:通过圆心并且两端都在圆上的线段;用字母“d”表示。

半径:连接圆心和圆上任意一点的线段;用字母“r”表示。

在同一个圆里 d = 2 r 或r = 2/d

说课稿数学 说课稿ppt 篇8

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说课稿ppt 篇9

《每周干家务活的时间》是北师大版教材八年级数学下册第五章第一节的内容,本套教科书采用螺旋上升的编排方式。本节课通过丰富的实例,了解总体、个体、样本,普查和抽样调查等概念,让学生体会不同的抽样可能得到不同的结果,感受抽样的必要性。通过学习,让学生会选择合适的调查方法,解决生活中的实际问题。在同学们充分的讨论、广泛的交流下扩大了学生的思维视野,提高了学生的认知,培养了学生的合作精神和交流意识,发展统计思想,体会德育价值。

1、了解普查、抽样调查、总体、个体、样本等概念,以及普查和抽样调查的应用。并选择合适的调查方法,解决有关现实问题。

2、经历调查、收集数据的过程,感受抽样的必要性,选择合适的调查方法,解决有关现实问题。

3、进一步发展统计思想,培养学生热爱劳动、勇于实践的优良品质。

1、重点:了解普查、抽样调查、总体、个体、样本等概念,感受抽样的必要性。

2、难点:选择合适的调查方法,应用多样的方式解决实际问题。

指导探索法;讨论法、

本章导入

随着信息技术的发展,数字化时代的到来,人们每天面对着大量的数据,从国民生产总值到天气预报,从人口预测到股票投资,统计存在于国民经济和日常生活的各个方面。数据处理也因此变得更加重要。具有统计的基本知识已成为每个现代公民必备的素质。

(在导入新课的过程中体现了学习数据的收集与处理的重要性和必要性。)

1、活动与探究

同学们,你们每天在家都帮父母做家务活吗?主要做些什么呢?每周大约多长时间呢?

你们每周干家务活时间的平均数、中位数、众数是什么?

教师活动:提问平均数、中位数、众数的概念。

学生活动:全班先分四组进行数据汇总,得到本组同学每周干家务活的平均数、中位数和众数,在进行各小组汇报、交流。

【通过对这些调查活动的分析,引入普查、抽样调查、总体、个体、样本等概念】

2、介绍新知识

(1)普查:为了一定的目的而对考察对象进行的全面调查。

(2)总体:所考察对象的全体。(如上述问题中的总体为“全班同学每周干家务活的平均时间的全体”,注意这里“考查对象”不是学生而是学生干家务活的时间。)

(3)个体:组成总体的每一个考察对象。(如上述问题中的个体为“全班每一个同学每周干家务活的平均时间”)

为了准确了解全国人口状况,我国每10年进行一次全国性人口普查,在考察我国人口年龄构成时,总体是什么、个体是什么?

总体:就是具有中华人民共和国国籍并在中华人民共和国境内常住人口的年龄。

个体:就是符合这一条件的每一个公民的年龄。

教师活动:教师引导学生,这里所说的“考察对象”是指表示事物某一特征的数据,如对全国人口普查时,考察对象是我国人口的“年龄”。

学生活动:结合课本176页的统计图四人一组进行讨论,知道大概的年龄结构。

讲一个笑话对原有的情境进行变式,引起学生对普查局限性的思考,从而引出抽样调查,感受抽样的必要性。【“儿子,帮妈妈买盒火柴去”“这次注意点,上次你买的火柴好多划不着。”………儿子高兴的跑回来。“妈妈,这次的火柴全划得着我每根都试过了”笑过以后,谈谈你的看法】

议一议

1、全国所有八年级学生每周干家务活的平均时间是多少?你能用普查的方式得到这个数据吗?你准备如何获得这个数据?与同伴交流。(鼓励学生解决方式的多样性)

2、我们班上有多少男生?全校呢?全会宁县呢?全白银市呢?全省呢?全国呢?你准备用什么方式获得这些数据?(鼓励学生解决方式的多样性)

3、你能用普查的方式调查某一天你所在地区的人口流量吗?(由于每个人离开某地的方式不同,且受到时间等条件的限制,一般无法对所有的个体进行普查,有说普查的也应该鼓励。举生活中的实例)

4、你愿意采用普查的方式了解一批日光灯管的使用寿命吗?(由于检查日光灯的使用寿命时,对日光灯管会造成一定的破坏,一般用抽样的调查方式)

【普查的困难】

1、总体中的个体数目较多,工作量较(太)大,无法一一考查;

2、受客观条件的限制,无法对个体一一考查

3、考查具有破坏性,不允许对个体一一考查

解决的办法:抽样调查。

【抽样与样本】

从总体中抽取部分个体进行调查,这种调查称为抽样调查,其中从总体中抽取部分个体叫做总体的一个样本。

例如:

1、我国每五年进行一次全国1%人口的抽样调查,其中被抽取的1%人口就是全国人口的一个样本。

2、说明在下列问题中,总体、个体、样本各是什么?

(1)为了了解一批灯泡的寿命,从中抽取10只进行试验.

(这批灯泡寿命的全体是总体,每个灯泡的寿命是个体,抽取的10个灯泡的寿命是总体的一个样本.)

(2)为了考察会师园一年中每天进园的人数,在其中的30天里对进会师园的人数进行统计.

(这一年中每天进会师园的人数的全体是总体,每天进会师园的人数是个体,所抽取的30天里每天进会师园的人数是总体的一个样本.)

(3)为了考察一个学校的学生参加课外体育活动的情况,调查了其中20名学生每天参加课外体育活动的时间。

(总体是:参加课外体育活动全体的时间。样本是:20名学生每天参加课外体育活动的时间。个体是:每位学生每天参加课外体育活动的时间。)

1.举例说明什么时候用普查的方式获得数据比较好,什时候用抽样调查的方式获得数据比较好。

归纳总结本节课所学习的内容

1、课本177页,数学理解1题。2、“你怎样对待你的父母”主题调查

父母的关心是无微不至的,但是现在大家回过头来想一想,我们是怎样对待自己的父母的呢?班干部组成一个调查小组,以“你怎样对待你的父母”为主题,设计几个问题,如:你知道你父母的生日吗?在父母生日的时候,送过父母小礼物吗?在家主动帮父母做家务吗?当父母批评你的时候,你持什么态度呢?等等.开展调查,写出调查报告,星期五周会上全班同学进行交流。

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