Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center ofBeijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of HeavenlySuccession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, andserved as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative andresidential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections ofthe Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at thetop of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book ofChanges, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremestatus of a sovereign.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where stateceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing ofimperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall ofSupreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister wouldthen carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hallvia Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragonpavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), toTian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil andmilitary officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower wouldprostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decreeto the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box andlower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally becarried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry ofRites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the wholecountry.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued byGolden Phoenix”.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most importantpassage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through ontheir way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’sPark), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park wasformerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offeringsacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the greatpioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the SupremeAncestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer GoldenRiver),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these sevenbridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of theemperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridgesflanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family andwere therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each sideof the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and werenamed Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for theuse by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( commonBridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the eastand the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meantas sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They areelaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao maybe traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention toone of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a woodenpillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it wasoriginally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and nowit serves as an ornament.
The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendaryanimal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He wasdoing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside thepalace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for theircomplaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were giventhe names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”(Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.
In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant forimportant occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behindthe main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the governmentwaiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperialadministration.
On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrumthe founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has beenthe symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the centralentrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples ofthe World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitorsfrom all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the publicfor the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square andthe city proper.
Tian’anmen Square
Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for publicgatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history andis a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day onMay 1st and national Day on October 1st.
Around the Square are several famous buildings:
1 The Great Hall of the People
This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center,a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacityof 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers arenamed after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directlyunde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different fromthe other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.
2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the ChineseRevolution
These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese Historyhouses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process ofChinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:
1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st centuryBC);
2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);
3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);
4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)
The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to1949.
3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes
the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for therevolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1,1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monumentas made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple pieceinlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in thecountry. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it isan artistic work of excellent architectural value.
On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinesecharacters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to thePeople’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by ChairmanMao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.
At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of suchflowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, andfortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting theChinese historic events since 1840. They are:
1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:
2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;
3) The Revolution of 1911;
4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;
5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;
6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;
7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;
8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’sLiberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplyingthe Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.
4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum
Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passedaway on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum beganto be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the followingyear. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.
大家好，大家有来过北京的吗?
感觉北京的天气怎么样?
北京的天气冷不冷不是看外面出不出太阳，看什么呢?看风!只要吹风，天气就会比较冷。冬天吹什么风呢?夏天又吹什么风呢?小学的老师讲过夏天刮东南风，冬天刮西北风，请记住。有个学生站起来说：不对，我妈说跟我爸结了婚一年四季都喝西北风……
大家选择十月底这个时间来北京，总的来说时间还是很好的，不冷也不热，是北京一个比较理想的旅游季节。俗话说：在好的旅游时间，遇见好的导游，是一种幸福;在好的旅游时间，遇见差的导游，是一种悲伤。在差的旅游时间，遇见好的导游，是一声叹息;在差的旅游时间，遇见差的导游，是一种无奈。大家在北京的这几天，都是由我小李给大家导游的，我希望我们有一个很好的旅游时间，更希望我是一个很好的导游。
介绍一下我自己，我姓李，名天运，就是大家见了我之后，从此呢，祝大家天天好运的意思。李是木子李，大家可以叫我李导，但不要反过来叫，反过来就叫导李，也可以叫我小李，但不要加个子字，小李子是慈禧太后身边的太监李莲英。太监是一个不完整的男人，本人除了比较瘦之外，身体其他各部分的功能都相当正常。本人12月26日出生，这个日子有什么特别的意义呢?我妈妈也是这天生日，还有本朝太祖也是12月26日生日，我想跟伟人同一天生日，这辈子不会差到哪里去吧?但是活了二十几年，才发现自己不高不矮偏矮，不肥不瘦偏瘦，不老不嫩偏嫩，也就这个样子了，到目前为止还没发生过什么奇迹在我身上，但是不要紧，俗话说身高不是距离，体重不是压力，年龄不是问题，所以本人还是要很自信地把大家这几天在北京的活动带好了。
关于北京导游词介绍4
除了我带着大家游玩，还有负责我们交通的师傅____，我们的师傅有着十几年的驾龄，平时接待人大代表，奥运会时接待贵宾和运动员，十几年来零事故，非常专业，非常安全。在北京游玩的时间里都是有___师傅为我们驾车，接下来的几天都要辛苦他，我们先给师傅来点掌声!
虽然北京的道路现在都很宽广，但是北京作为首都，人多车多，大部分时间交通状况并不是很良好。在我们旅游的时间里可能会出现堵车或者人等车的情况，在这里希望大家多多谅解。
民以食为天，来到北京首先要讲究的是吃，出来了，就不会像家里吃得那么惬意，尤其是参加旅游团，大家要做好心理准备：北京的旅游团餐非常难吃，什么叫绝望?绝望就是饭店吃饭上了两个菜,吃第一个:“世上还有比这更难吃的吗?!”吃第二个“Kao!还真有!”团餐虽难吃，但还是相当卫生的，大家可以放心吃，原则是吃饱，八菜一汤，米饭尽装，见菜不够，赶紧喝汤。出门旅游，消闷解愁，如果我们都不吃饱，那么远看群山，一锅馒头。以后再来中国旅游，如果人数少的话，大家尽量不要旅行社安排团餐，自己想吃什么点什么，最好这样(针对香港及华侨华人)。
接下来是住的方面，北京是首都，政治文化中心，天南地北，人来人往非常频繁，所以北京同级别的酒店都没有外地的好。然后简单介绍客人入住的酒店(如星级，离机场多远，离火车站多远，离天安门多远)。晚上我们回到酒店要注意休息，出来逛街的，人生地不熟，不要走得太远。来北京一定要做的三件事是登长城，吃烤鸭，看杂技。我看我们的行程表里安排了登长城，吃烤鸭，没有安排看杂技，非常遗憾。大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。所以杂技艺术在中国已经有20__多年的历史。我们奥运会上的跳水，吊环等运动都是杂技演变而来，在20__年才正式成为奥运项目的蹦床运动也是由杂技演变而来，20__年北京奥运会中国蹦床包揽了两枚奥运金牌。中国人可以自豪的向世界宣布，我们足球不行，我们田径场上不行，我们游泳池里面不行，但是我们床上行!在北京表演现代杂技的最出名的有朝阳剧场，朝阳剧场是奥运官方唯一一个指定专门对外表演的剧场。对外展示中国的风采，奥运期间来华外国领袖全部到此观看过杂技演出，现代杂技加上了声色光等先进的元素，比起传统杂技更加华丽，更加刺激，真正体现了台上一分钟，台下十年功的精彩，所表演的每一个节目基本上都在国际上拿过奖项，所以我们在北京游览期间，晚上有时间的话杂技是绝对不容错过的观看项目，不去会遗憾，去了会震撼。
关于北京导游词介绍5
来到北京最重要的是游玩，除了我们刚才说的登长城，吃烤鸭，看杂技之外还可以玩什么呢?通常说入境广州观车头;飞抵桂林观山头;转至西安观坟头;游览北京观墙头;过往天津观码头;远足青海观源头;参拜西藏观佛头;故都南京观石头;醉游上海观人头;难忘杭州观丫头。在北京看的是墙头，也就是最重要看的是古都遗留下来的历史文化，大家参加这个旅游团，碰到小李导游，等于参加了一个北京历史文化速成班，所以大家都要认真听我讲。不能上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景点拍照，回家一问啥也不知道。尤其是北京旅游人多的时候，大人看人头，小孩看屁股，所以大家要紧跟着我一起游玩，握着导游的手，北京旅游一起走!
北京城是中国历史上最后5代封建王朝辽金元明清的都城，其设计规划体现了中国古代城市规划的最高成就，被称为“地球表面上，人类最伟大的个体工程”。我们不仅要看历史，更要看现代发展中的北京，现在简单介绍一下北京的情况。
北京市总面积16808平方公里，分18个区。北京的周边是河北省，从地图上看河北省是包围着整个北京的，离北京近的非
常著名的景点有河北承德避暑山庄，承德避暑山庄是我国现存规模最大的古典皇家园林，1984年被评为全国十大风景名胜之一，1994年被列入《世界遗产名录》，是非常值得一看的，如果我们有时间可以安排，应该要去那里游玩一两天。
北京地形是西北高，东南低，符合一句古诗一江春水向东流的意境。北京平原占1/3，山地占2/3。北京市常住人口1600多万，外地来京人员400多万，20__多万人住在三分之一的平原里，所以刚才说的交通方面压力很大。
为此北京市在改善交通环境方面做出了很大的努力，公交车的费用也很便宜，基本上乘公交车一元钱即可，有公交一卡通的还可以打8折或者4折。我们上班一族一般都要住郊区，因为市区租房或者买房比较贵，坐公交虽然便宜，但是时间很长，早上上班需要很早就起床。有时候到市区办一件事情，可能办事仅需要30分钟，可是坐公交车来要用2个钟头，再坐回去又要2个钟头，一天的时间就耗在车上了。由于路途遥远，下班一般就要坐公交车回家，所以北京夜生活不是很丰富。讲一下北京四大傻：吃饭点龙虾，购物到燕莎，唱歌爱献花，下班就回家。下班就回家的是穷鬼，9点回家的是酒鬼，11点回家的是色鬼，2-3点回家的是赌鬼。
北京是有着三千年历史的国家历史文化名城。北京在历史上曾为六朝都城，在从燕国起的20__多年里，建造了许多宏伟壮丽的宫廷建筑，使北京成为中国拥有帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛和陵墓数量最多，内容最丰富的城市。其中北京故宫，明朝时叫大内宫城，清朝时叫紫禁城，这里原为明、清两代的皇宫，住过24个皇帝，建筑宏伟壮观，完美地体现了中国传统的古典风格和东方格调，是中国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。天坛以其布局合理、构筑精妙而扬名中外，是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”
四合院是以正房、倒座房、东西厢房围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的北方传统住宅的统称。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居，是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰砖的四合院之间形成的窄巷，就是著名的老北京胡同。
北京的宗教寺庙遍布京城，现存著名的有：佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒台寺、云居寺、八大处等。道教的白云观等。伊斯兰教的北京牛街礼拜寺等。藏传佛教(喇嘛教)的雍和宫等，天主教西什库天主堂、王府井天主堂等。缸瓦市教堂、崇文门教堂等。
北京中轴线是指元、明、清时的北京城的中轴线，北京的城市规划具有以宫城为中心左右对称的特点。北京的中轴线南起永定门，北至钟鼓楼，长约7.8公里。从南往北依次为，永定门，前门箭楼，正阳门，中华门，天安门，端门，午门，紫禁城，神武门，景山，地安门，后门桥，鼓楼和钟楼。从这条中轴线的南端永定门起，就有天坛、先农坛;太庙、社稷坛;东华门、西华门;安定门，德胜门以中轴线为轴对称分布。中国著名建筑大师梁思成先生曾经说：“北京的独有的壮美秩序就由这条中轴线的建立而产生。”永定门、中华门、地安门都在中华人民共和国成立后被拆毁，而近年来又重新修建了永定门城楼。